Genetics and Child Development Essay

familials play a vital role in our growing and that of our babyren. Our genetic make-up, or traits, directly affects our childrens development, from the moment of conception and the beginnings of a new person, throughout his or her life. The childs developmental fate is all in the deoxyribonucleic acid, ( deoxyribonucleic acid). Deoxyribonucleic acid, is fashioned in the shape of a figure of speech helix a twisted ladder of genetic code, which along with various proteins, which are essential to facilitate the DNA in proper cellular telephone division, are found in chromosomes. These are the microscopic structures that impart all an item-by-items genetic information which are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells, which have no nuclei (TGC, 2013). Half our chromosomes (23) come from our father, and the otherwise half from our mother, for a total of 46.Together, this set of 23 pairs of chromosomes is responsible for giving us our hair color, pump color, height, the shape of our earlobes, our facial features, our shape, and the color of our skin our genotype, or inherited traits from both parents genes (Mossler, 2011). Child development is under while on genetics and the compatibility and health of the combined parental sets of chromosomes (GSLC, n.d). Things can go wrong, and parts of essential chromosomes may be deformed, rearranged, abnormal or missing this can wreak havoc on the well-being of the create fetus, resulting in deformities, mental retardation, and behave defects (GTC, 2013, para.1, sub sect. 2). Risk factors for a higher incidence of these chromosomal abnormalities acknowledge motherly age, and some convictions paternal age, and/or they may be due to a glitch in meiosis the process where gametes or sex cells are formed the egg (ovum), and the sperm, each containing 23 chromosomes (GSLC, n.d).Genetic advocates talk to couples before conception or during their pregnancy, regarding any worries they may have with their combined family genetic history. The counsellor is consulted to assess the outcomes of possible genetic disorders such as Tay-Sachs, Cystic Fibrosis, crush syndrome, and many others. Fetal noise may be a distinct possibility for some inherited diseases with which a genetic counselor may assist couples. Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities, which is recognized by a supernumerary copy of chromosome 21. Babies with Down syndrome have flat features, including extra skin behind their necks, short, stubby hands, and recessed chins. Their eye look as if they were born of Mongolian heritage, and Down syndrome was formerly known as mongolianism in the pre-1965 era, due to this exact feature, even though it has nothing whatsoever to do with this particular syndrome.The term Mongolism was dropped in 1965 by the World Health Organization (WHO), (Lowe, 1949). Maternal age is relevant when it comes to an elevated essay of Down syndrome according to a study, 1/350 normal live births born to mothers age 35 resulted in Down syndrome whereas, one Down syndrome birth in 85 normal live births occurred when the maternal age was 41. Mothers over 45 years of age, had a 1/25 chance of giving live birth to a baby with Down syndrome (Hook, 1983). Oddly enough, 80 percent of Down syndrome occurs at a maternal age of less than 35 (TGC, 2013, para.1, sub sect. 2). Child development of the child with Down syndrome is held on a parallel with normal children however, the child with Down syndrome may achieve with less competence than that of his normal classroom counterpart. Evidence reveals that children with Down syndrome benefit from integration and interaction with others in a normal school environment. In particular, they show significant gains in spoken language, reading, writing and arithmetic.This enhances their ability at a later award to successfully interact with adults and become productive members of society (Buckley & Sachs, 2001). When I had my youngest child at almost 42 years-old, I had amniocentesis to test for Down syndrome and other abnormalities, as I was an older mother. My obstetrician believed I may be carrying twins however, he came to the conclusion that my single baby absorbed his twin in utero, which today is quite commonplace. Cystic Fibrosis is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians. The incidence is 1/300, and 4 5 percent of Americans are carriers.Chromosome 7 is the one affected here, whereby it is caused by a spay in a single nucleotide (a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside the basic structural unit of nucleic acids, DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA). This disease affects the respiratory tract, in that it becomes clogged by mucus, which increases the incidence of pulmonary infection. Additionally, secretions shut down the pancreas, which leads to dietary problems (GSLC, n.d). Cystic Fibrosis or 55 Roses as it is commonly called by children suffering from the disease, affects child development by posing cognitive, emotional and behavioral challenges. To conclude, in writing this paper I have authentic a better understanding regarding the world of genetics and chromosomal diseases and their effect on child development.Children and their individual development through the various stages of these chromosomal diseases and disorders pose many challenges for them to overcome, and are more often than not, life-changing events for their families. heart expectancy for CF sufferers is not longevity however, the quality of their limited lifestyles should be paramount within their familys goals to make their childs life on Earth as pleasant a time as possible. Down syndrome, however, although outwardly obvious to the perfect stranger, is nevertheless one of the milder forms of chromosomal diseases that can be worked through, albeit a challenge, to transform the sufferer into a fully functioning productive member of society.ReferencesBuckley S.J., Sacks B., (2001) An overview of the development of children with Down syndrome (5-11 years). Down syndrome Issues and Information. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//www.down-syndrome.org/information/development/childhood/Ernst, M.M., Johnson, M.C., Stark, L.J., (2010). suppurational and psychosocial issues in cystic fibrosis. Retrieved February 12,2013, from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478499GSLC, (n.d). Genetics and child development. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/disorders/karyotype/Hook, E. B., (1983). oftenness of Down syndrome per maternal age. Jama 2492034- 2038. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//www.ds-health.com/risk.htm Lowe, R. F., (1949) The eyes in mongolism. Br J Ophthalmol. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from Mar33(3)131174, http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC505809/ Mossler R. A., (2011) Child and Adolescent Development San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint EduTGC, (2013). Genetics and chromosome analysis. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//w ww.thegeneticscenter.com/chroman.htm

Causes and Treatments of Pedophilia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causes and Treatments of Pedophilia - Essay modelIt is a controversial topic, one of both loathing and one of endearment victims ar marred, offenders gratified. The presence of paedophilia causes parliamentary law to react, to of all time be on the defensive. Similarly, such a diseasing, injurious obsession is challenging to society for a number of reasons. For one, pedophilia is not easily detected--it is not visible. Even though the act itself is a natural one, the elicitual desire that is present inside of an adult for a child is secreted from the world. Secondly, those that are afflicted with pedophilia are reluctant to come clean about their lust for children. Accepting responsibility for their actions is as demanding as acknowledging that their addiction to nonconsenting or even consenting children is unethical. Thirdly, monitoring pedophilia is problematical. The difficulty arises because the majority of pedophiles are not registered as sex offenders and have limitless a ccess to children. In addition, children seem to be just as reluctant to confess as the offender.Due to its insidiousness, pedophilia, arguably, produces great shame in the individual. Why else would most sex offenders choose to hide what they cherish the most from the rest of the world Pedophilia is onerous to everyone involved, children, parents of the children, the offender, and to psychological clinicians. ... DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) describes it as atypical sexual disorders typified by recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors generally involvingchildren or other nonconsenting persons that occur over a period of 6 months (Malin, Paraphilias, 32). But, even with a clear definition of pedophilia, a precise or a specific answer to its cause system blurred. It then becomes necessary to look beyond definitional answers and lean more(prenominal) towards the psychology of this particular disorder. Malin notes, some individuals that are laden with incontrollable sexual urges have these impulses as a result of brain trauma, neoplasms, temporal lobe damage, or epilepsy and whitethorn manifest as hyposexuality or hypersexuality, particularly in men (33). Accordingly, other psychiatric conditions such as feeble mindedness attribute to a heightened desire for sexual activity, i.e. pulling out, or nocturnal pollutions (33). These two particular acts, masturbation and nocturnal pollution, give psychologists a foundation when attempting to determine certain causes for pedophilia, especially in seemingly dominion persons. In a similar vein, masturbation, nocturnal pollutions, and pedophilia are unique. These are phenomena that seem to be associated with males more so than females, which generates another theory. In his study, Malin found thatsuch excessive stimulation need not always be intentional. For example, one theory enjoying some degree of acceptance in early psychoanalytic circles was th at infants born(p) to hereditary tainted mothers were predisposed to develop a fur fetish by coming into contact with their mothers pubic hair during birth (33).This, however, is the least likely cause.

ADHD in children - a balance between pharmacutical and psychological Essay

ADHD in children - a balance between pharmacutical and psychological theropy - Essay drillThis causes adults with ADHD to develop coping mechanisms, and this further illustrates the need for a psychological intervention as salubrious as a pharmacological one (Gentile, 2004).Treatment of ADHD usually involves an array of different treatments, including medications, behavioral modifications, counseling and changes in lifestyle (Clinical Practice Guideline, 2001). The primary use today tends to be of the pharmacological type, as doctors give ADHD children ones to calm down their hyperactivity, impulsiveness, inattention, etc. However, the medications used are commonly stimulants (amphetamines), which withal have detrimental effects on the children, as they cause sleep disturbances, reduced appetite, cant loss, suppressed growth, and mood disorders. These tend to be persistent, and have an incredibly negative effect on childrens lives. This is why ADHD children are excessively me dicated with other drugs that combat the side-effects of the original ones. This basically means that ADHD children are somewhat over-medicated, and perhaps the most astounding aspect of it all is that most of the drugs given to them have not been approved by the FDAClearly, this is a most dire need to rely not only on medications, but also on alternative and supplementary ways of dealing with the disorder. As much as medications can alleviate negative biological symptoms and grant the children the potential or ability to stay still, vex more focused and attentive, one mustnt forget the psychological aspect of the disorder. Though it originated as a neurobehavioral disorder, it is also a developmental one, and the development does not only pertain to the biological perspective and the body, but also to the psychological one and to the psyche. It is crucial to have an understanding of what it feels like to not be able to feed attention to one thing for long, be hyperactive. It is b ound to frustrate children, tire them (one might also

Institutional Review Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Institutional Review Board - Assignment ExampleTherefore, IRB leave alone cherish the queryers by ensuring that they have not been implicated in issues involving violation of rules related to conducting investigatees. Furthermore, IRB protects reputation of the University by reduction chances of being involved in unethical research, which is conducted by their students and supervised by their lectures. On the other hand, IRB protects participants by ensuring that the research meets ethical standards while eliminating cases of unauthorized disclosure of their private information to other parties.The type of research that qualifies for Full review, which is also referred to as Level III involves subjects that require protection (St. Catherine University, 2013). Therefore, this form of research subjects the participants to a greater risk (Aurora University, 2013). In this case, the research involves nursing home residents, who are subjects to be protected. In fact, the research has exceptional consideration for protection that applied for their welfare due to vulnerability (The University of New Hampshire, 2012). Furthermore, the research will involve their personal information which require protect from the

Five network management categories that make up the FCAPS model Essay

Five network focal point categories that make up the FCAPS model - see ExampleThese v functionalities are summed up into a five lettered work FCAPS and this is how they are normally referred to. FCAPS NETWORK MODEL Management Network has coined FCAPS. According to The Computer Desktop Encyclopedia (2011), FCAPS is described as, (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security) The ISO framework for network management. If an organization does not bill customers, accounting is replaced with administration. Thus, it is the ISO Telecommunications /management Network model for network management. The five heads, each recognized by their starting letter, are The tasks performed by a network model, as construe by the ISO and are given the name FCAPS. Their brief description is stated as follows Fault management The problems being faced by a network and the means and methods by which they are being resolve are referred to as fault management. Fault management detects and highli ghts any discrepancies hat may occur in the normal functioning of a network. The resolution of the discrepancies prevents them from reoccurring. This functionality is also a part of fault management. Fault detecting is essential for the in(predicate) running of a network. The fault detection mechanism of a network usually incorporates the trend analysis strategy. In accordance with it a comparison is made with earlier fault occurrences and their successful resolutions.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Essay ExampleThe ultimate result is the persons energy to suppress fear is impaired, which may be due to intense fear. Persons intrinsic ability is markedly impact which leads to the fact that such dupes are very anxious and feel ashamed in asking dish out from others or visiting the concerned medical professional like a psychologist or psychiatrist. Our brain involve time to make the proper image of the event, which does not happen in posttraumatic stress disorder.The predisposing factors play an important type in the development of PTSD. In early childhood, if a person is neglected by his family members or beat out up severely by his father or any family member or any associate which has detached him emotionally or any sort of mental torture or sexual scandalise can lead to the development of PTSD.Among adults, either mental torture, any accident seen in real life, last of a loved one, assaulted sexually or physically which may have given r ise to true complications like loss of a limb, which resulted in permanent disability but this, is not necessary in every case. In addition to all above-mentioned factors, family history of any existing psychiatric complaint and natural disasters like tornadoes or earthquakes can also be held responsible for the development of PTSD (Peterson, 1991). match to Elizabeth (2005), 49% of the cases of PTSD are seen in rape victims and that could be the possible explanation of the fact that PTSD is more prevalent in females as compared to males. (Peterson, 1991). Religion definitely affects the person in many ship canal and whether it plays any role in the development of PTSD would be a topic of debate. In general, hoi polloi with strong religious beliefs are more likely to cope with stressful events and life threatening conditions. tend has also relationship with PTSD, as it is more common in Blacks and Hispanics as compared to Whites (Peterson, 1991).Management of PTSD with coping MechanismsWe all are aware of the incident, which took place on September 11, 2001 in World exchange Centre. Among the first replyers of that event who survived, Stephen King was one of them. Coping mechanisms are simply the ways by means of which person stabilizes himself after any traumatic situation and such skills are developed naturally which enables the victim not to lose control and this makes person realize that now the patient have to live with this fact. For example, if soul lost his lower limb and realized that now the patient have to live with one tholepin will make him feel comfortable.Coping mechanisms are an excellent and perhaps the better ways for treating PTSD. Coping enables the person to react positively against the stressful events. It may take some time for an individual to respond but it is surely effective (Kinchin, 2004). What all the victims need to do is to take care of themselves. A victim should make him busy in different activities like walking, j ogging, exercise, social gatherings, going on a immense drive with the loved one or visiting a picnic spot with family members or friends. A victim should discuss the events with the close friends whom

Papermaking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Papermaking - Research Paper ExampleHowever, prior to the discovery of the topic making technology, writing and reading was a very cumbersome process that involved scribbling on woody tablets, woven papyrus reeds, and former(a) expensive materials1. As such, writing was only left for a a couple of(prenominal) individuals in the community who could afford accessing the expensive writing materials as well as getting capable space to store the written materials.The invention of compositionmaking technology is one of the four major inventions that can be traced back to China, alongside gunpowder, compass, and the printing technique. According to Ancient records, the invention of the newspaper publishermaking technology is accredited to Cai Lun (also Tsai Lun), an positive working in the Imperial Court during the Han Dynasty2.Reportedly, Cai Lun came up with this invention in the year 105 AD. However, new-made archaeological studies have unearthed sufficient evidence pointing to th e fact that paper was already being used in China several years before Cai Luns reported invention. Nevertheless, the role of Cai Lun in the history of paper making is still relevant in the paper industry. This is because he was the first to popularize the technology by putting together a recipe for the whole process and reporting it to the Emperor3. Cai Luns technology right away became popular in China because it was cheap, reliable, used readily available resources, and was easier to make4. The main raw materials for Cai Luns paper technology included fishnets, fibres, old rags, mulberry, and hemp waste.The main focus of this paper is to explore the history croup paper making and how it extended from China to the rest of the globe, and how this invention has influenced the world today. Essentially, Cai Luns paper making discovery helped to lay the foundation of the technology used in huge paper factories in Europe, America, and other parts of the world today.Cai Lun is