Genetics and Child Development Essay

familials play a vital role in our growing and that of our babyren. Our genetic make-up, or traits, directly affects our childrens development, from the moment of conception and the beginnings of a new person, throughout his or her life. The childs developmental fate is all in the deoxyribonucleic acid, ( deoxyribonucleic acid). Deoxyribonucleic acid, is fashioned in the shape of a figure of speech helix a twisted ladder of genetic code, which along with various proteins, which are essential to facilitate the DNA in proper cellular telephone division, are found in chromosomes. These are the microscopic structures that impart all an item-by-items genetic information which are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells, which have no nuclei (TGC, 2013). Half our chromosomes (23) come from our father, and the otherwise half from our mother, for a total of 46.Together, this set of 23 pairs of chromosomes is responsible for giving us our hair color, pump color, height, the shape of our earlobes, our facial features, our shape, and the color of our skin our genotype, or inherited traits from both parents genes (Mossler, 2011). Child development is under while on genetics and the compatibility and health of the combined parental sets of chromosomes (GSLC, n.d). Things can go wrong, and parts of essential chromosomes may be deformed, rearranged, abnormal or missing this can wreak havoc on the well-being of the create fetus, resulting in deformities, mental retardation, and behave defects (GTC, 2013, para.1, sub sect. 2). Risk factors for a higher incidence of these chromosomal abnormalities acknowledge motherly age, and some convictions paternal age, and/or they may be due to a glitch in meiosis the process where gametes or sex cells are formed the egg (ovum), and the sperm, each containing 23 chromosomes (GSLC, n.d).Genetic advocates talk to couples before conception or during their pregnancy, regarding any worries they may have with their combined family genetic history. The counsellor is consulted to assess the outcomes of possible genetic disorders such as Tay-Sachs, Cystic Fibrosis, crush syndrome, and many others. Fetal noise may be a distinct possibility for some inherited diseases with which a genetic counselor may assist couples. Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities, which is recognized by a supernumerary copy of chromosome 21. Babies with Down syndrome have flat features, including extra skin behind their necks, short, stubby hands, and recessed chins. Their eye look as if they were born of Mongolian heritage, and Down syndrome was formerly known as mongolianism in the pre-1965 era, due to this exact feature, even though it has nothing whatsoever to do with this particular syndrome.The term Mongolism was dropped in 1965 by the World Health Organization (WHO), (Lowe, 1949). Maternal age is relevant when it comes to an elevated essay of Down syndrome according to a study, 1/350 normal live births born to mothers age 35 resulted in Down syndrome whereas, one Down syndrome birth in 85 normal live births occurred when the maternal age was 41. Mothers over 45 years of age, had a 1/25 chance of giving live birth to a baby with Down syndrome (Hook, 1983). Oddly enough, 80 percent of Down syndrome occurs at a maternal age of less than 35 (TGC, 2013, para.1, sub sect. 2). Child development of the child with Down syndrome is held on a parallel with normal children however, the child with Down syndrome may achieve with less competence than that of his normal classroom counterpart. Evidence reveals that children with Down syndrome benefit from integration and interaction with others in a normal school environment. In particular, they show significant gains in spoken language, reading, writing and arithmetic.This enhances their ability at a later award to successfully interact with adults and become productive members of society (Buckley & Sachs, 2001). When I had my youngest child at almost 42 years-old, I had amniocentesis to test for Down syndrome and other abnormalities, as I was an older mother. My obstetrician believed I may be carrying twins however, he came to the conclusion that my single baby absorbed his twin in utero, which today is quite commonplace. Cystic Fibrosis is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians. The incidence is 1/300, and 4 5 percent of Americans are carriers.Chromosome 7 is the one affected here, whereby it is caused by a spay in a single nucleotide (a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside the basic structural unit of nucleic acids, DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA). This disease affects the respiratory tract, in that it becomes clogged by mucus, which increases the incidence of pulmonary infection. Additionally, secretions shut down the pancreas, which leads to dietary problems (GSLC, n.d). Cystic Fibrosis or 55 Roses as it is commonly called by children suffering from the disease, affects child development by posing cognitive, emotional and behavioral challenges. To conclude, in writing this paper I have authentic a better understanding regarding the world of genetics and chromosomal diseases and their effect on child development.Children and their individual development through the various stages of these chromosomal diseases and disorders pose many challenges for them to overcome, and are more often than not, life-changing events for their families. heart expectancy for CF sufferers is not longevity however, the quality of their limited lifestyles should be paramount within their familys goals to make their childs life on Earth as pleasant a time as possible. Down syndrome, however, although outwardly obvious to the perfect stranger, is nevertheless one of the milder forms of chromosomal diseases that can be worked through, albeit a challenge, to transform the sufferer into a fully functioning productive member of society.ReferencesBuckley S.J., Sacks B., (2001) An overview of the development of children with Down syndrome (5-11 years). Down syndrome Issues and Information. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//www.down-syndrome.org/information/development/childhood/Ernst, M.M., Johnson, M.C., Stark, L.J., (2010). suppurational and psychosocial issues in cystic fibrosis. Retrieved February 12,2013, from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478499GSLC, (n.d). Genetics and child development. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/disorders/karyotype/Hook, E. B., (1983). oftenness of Down syndrome per maternal age. Jama 2492034- 2038. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//www.ds-health.com/risk.htm Lowe, R. F., (1949) The eyes in mongolism. Br J Ophthalmol. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from Mar33(3)131174, http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC505809/ Mossler R. A., (2011) Child and Adolescent Development San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint EduTGC, (2013). Genetics and chromosome analysis. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http//w ww.thegeneticscenter.com/chroman.htm