Management Model of Port

Model84 MODULE 3 Strengths and Weaknesses of Port Management Models Public Service Port Strength: †¢ Superstructure development and cargo handling operations are the responsibility of the same organization (unity of command). Weaknesses: †¢ There is no role or only a limited role for the private sector in cargo handling operations. †¢ There is less problem solving capability and flexibility in case of labour problems, since the port administration also is the major employer of port labour. †¢ There is lack of internal competition, leading to inefficiency. †¢ Wasteful use of resources and underinvestment s a result of government interference and dependence on government budget. †¢ Operations are not user or market oriented. †¢ Lack of innovation. †¢ No or limited access to public funds for basic infrastructure. Tool Port Strength: †¢ Investments in port infrastructure and equipment (particularly ship/shore equipment) are decided and provide d by the public sector, thus avoiding duplication of facilities. Weaknesses: †¢ The port administration and private enterprise jointly share the cargo handling services (split operation), leading to conflicting situations. Private operators do not own major equipment, therefore they tend to function as labour pools and do not develop into firms with strong balance sheets. This causes instability and limits future expansion of their companies. †¢ Risk of underinvestment. †¢ Lack of innovation. Landlord Port Strengths: †¢ A single entity (the private sector) executes cargo handling operations and owns and operates cargo handling equipment. The terminal operators are more loyal to the port and more likely to make needed investments as a consequence of their long-term contracts. Private terminal handling companies generally are better able to cope with market requirements. Weakness: †¢ Risk of overcapacity as a result of pressure from various private operators. †¢ Risk of misjudging the proper timing of capacity additions. Fully Privatized Port Strengths: †¢ Maximum flexibility with respect to investments and port operations. †¢ No direct government interference. †¢ Ownership of port land enables market-oriented port development and tariff policies. †¢ In case of redevelopment, private operator probably realizes a high price for the sale of port land. The often strategic location of port land may enable the private operator to broaden its scope of activities. Weaknesses: †¢ Government may need to create a port regulator to control monopolistic behavior. †¢ The government (national, regional, or local) loses its ability to execute a long-term economic development policy with respect to the port business. †¢ In case the necessity arises to redevelop the port area, government has to spend considerable amounts of money to buy back the port land. †¢ There is a serious risk of speculation with port la nd by private owners. Source: A. Baird and P. Kent (2001).

Developmental psychology, Essay

It is important to keep evaluating learning activities as the child’s needs may change or your planning may not work and may need changing. Planning, teaching and evaluation is a cycle which gives structure to the learning process. Whilst in the planning process I need to know the learning objectives so that you are clear about that the pupils are expected to achieve. When evaluating you will need to look at whether the children were able to meet the leaning objectives in their task. If a child was to complete a task quickly this should be recorded. 1. 2 – Weakness – 1.   When planning a work activity I always take into account the children’s learning needs and levels, for example you could have a child in your group which lacks concentration and needs a more practical approach in order to show interest and for the task to be successful. For example: Child A – Lacks concentration Child B – Does not enjoy Literacy Child C – Find tasks difficult 1. 4 – All lesson plans should be made available to the LSA’s before the class starts, even if you do not have time to look at the plan you should discuss with the teacher what you are to do. Learning objectives – You must always be clear on the learning objectives of the lesson or what pupils are expected to be able to do. Leaning recourses required – The lesson plan should detail any materials which are different from those which are normally found in the classroom. Own role in supporting learning activities – It should be made clear what you are required to do whether it’s supporting a group or an individual. Specific information – you should have access to school reports about pupils learning and be able to refer to them if required whether its paper or electronic based. Sometimes changes need to be made to plan and this may happen last minute so you will need to be flexible. Any changes made to the children’s routine may affect their behaviour so you need to take this into consideration. 1. 5 2. 3 We should always be made aware of the health and safety issues especially when working with children; it is the main duty of all school employees to keep the children safe. Young children or children with additional needs may not be aware of certain hazards. Schools also have security measures in place such as gates and a signing in policy for all visitors. If you ever come across a unfamiliar face within the school grounds you should always approach them in a polite manor by saying. ‘Can I help you? ’ All storage areas should be kept tidy so they do not cause a hazard they should also be locked, spaces like cleaning cupboard especially as they store a lot of hazardous materials and can sometimes be left untidy as staff may not have enough time to tidy up or may not be sure where certain items should be. You must always make sure that no fire exits in the classrooms are blocked by chairs / tables, they should always be accessible. Describe the sorts of problems that might occur when supporting learning activities, and how to deal with these: Noise – Sometimes during classes children can become distracted by noise from within the classroom and from outside (such as another classroom, or people on the hallway). I help to combat this problem by closing the doors and any windows open to the noise, and also by reminding children to work as quietly as possible and raise their hand to speak rather than shout out. Insufficient resources – Many of the activities set by the teacher involve the use of multiple resources e. g. books, pencils & crayons, scissors, glue, rulers etc. Unfortunately there are not always enough resources for every student, resulting in there being a delay in the commencement of work (due to trying to locate extra supplies). This problem is managed by preparing for the lesson before it begins, ensuring there are sufficient resources for the class, and also by encouraging children to help to and share with each other whenever possible. Having an inclusive class with a wide spectrum of abilities – another problem which can occur when supporting learning activities, is ensuring that the all children are engaged, involved and fully understanding the task that has been set when there is such a wide spectrum of abilities. This can be dealt with in several ways, such as splitting the class into ability based groups, encouraging high ability children to help those who are struggling to keep pace (this also helps to keep the class working on a similar level), and also by setting achievable targets for work. Shy students – Children may suffer from shyness which can affect their ability to work individually (such as being worried about being wrong), and get involved with the class as a whole or participate in group work. Weather – The weather can always be a distraction to the children, if it’s hot and sunny out the children can get hot and agitated. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to evaluate learning activities are: †¢ To see what is working and what needs removing or changing †¢ To assess how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved †¢ To see how the activities are being received by the participants Evaluation is important as it helps out when planning and helps you to think about the learning that has taken place. Spending time going through the learning activities and seeing how students have responded to a certain task or question, can really help re-shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not always be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible. Learners must understand what the outcomes mean. †¢ They must be achievable. †¢ We must be able to assess pupils against them. Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and then looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or beneficial for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it more engaging and stimulating, perhaps by making it more difficult or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it. If the activities are taking longer than expected and you can see that the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed. Students may not meet the learning objective, but they could have a real enthusiasm for the subject and have participated fully in all aspects of the lesson. You will need to record this somewhere. 5. 2 5. 2 and 5. 4 Upon completion of the task, I then provided constructive feedback to the class teacher, and feedback on her participation and progress. I explained that the child was:  · Very pleased to be given individual support and was positively responsive to the support (smiled, listened intently, and produced the work expected through understanding)  · After a couple of examples was able to achieve the objective of drawing on the hands onto the clock face on the task sheet given  · Succeeded in progressing in the learning activity  · Went back into the classroom with a big proud smile as she had enjoyed the task and benefited from the support. I informed the teacher that she responded well to reassurance and lots of positive praise and was very happy to receive a sticker after the task. I explained that she had completed the given learning activity objective. I gave constructive feedback that she 5. 3 Difficulties which I came across – As I have not worked with this particular group before I found it hard to see what stage each child was at and what support each child needed and as the task was outside we faced a lot of distractions. Spring Work Aims / Objectives Children to identify features of spring Looking for signs of spring using senses I can see / smell / touch Share ideas With the whiteboards – Create senses poem I can see the blue sky Recourses White Boards White board pens Ipad – take pictures Evaluation The children found it a little hard to concentrate as they were taken outside and they were easily distracted ie. Wanted to run around and touch things.

How to Write the Brown University Essays 2015-2016

Brown University is often called the happiest school in the country, mostly due to its peaceful student body and reportedly less competitive environment. The university is located in the heart of Providence, Rhode Island, a mid-sized but extremely safe and friendly city in the Northeast. However, Brown’s top-notch academics, social environment, and location have made it an extremely desirable school to apply and thus an extremely competitive one. Like many schools, Brown’s core supplement consists of three short essay prompts, however because they have a word limit of just 150 words (200 in the case of Why Brown), it is almost impossible to write a well fleshed out and multi-faceted essay. This doesn’t mean that our standard advice about using short essay prompts in concert with each other to create a portfolio of essays doesn’t apply. Rather it means that each essay must be highly specific, and that using vehicles and unconventional formats (like detailed anecdotes) is more difficult, though certainly not impossible. Why are you drawn to the area(s) of study you indicated in our Member Section, earlier in this application? If you are â€Å"undecided† or not sure which Brown concentrations match your interests, consider describing more generally the academic topics or modes of thought that engage you currently. (150 word limit) While a â€Å"Why Major† essay would normally require you to specifically address the reasons you chose the major, the qualifications you possess for that major, and the reasons you like Brown’s program of study for that major, because you only have 150 words, you should pick just one of these aspects to highlight. Specific details about Brown are only required if you plan on addressing why Brown’s (for example Mathematics) program appeals to you. Otherwise, you should focus on more intrinsic factors such as why you want to study math (ideally more than just for career reasons), why you enjoy doing math, or why you’re qualified to study math at Brown. For example, you could point to your favorite type of math, and briefly analyze why it appeals to you. Alternatively, you could discuss an extracurricular activity (such as Math League) that introduced you to the joys of competitive math. If by some chance you can’t come up with a specific major to dis cuss, then your essay should focus on the opportunities that Brown offers you. In particular, you should look to highlight Brown’s liberal arts curriculum, as well as the academic flexibility it offers to students.   â€Å"Why Brown† is a similar prompt to most other â€Å"Why School† essays, however with just 100 words to work with, the essay is in the awkward position of being too short to develop a fully fleshed out essay with some sort of vehicle, but too long to be a short consideration of one specific characteristic of the school. Things that you definitely want to highlight in your essay include Brown’s emphasis on learning (versus output, i.e. grades), the collaborative spirit of the student body, and the school’s academic flexibility. However, if you highlight these factors during a general response to the major prompt, then you should do some research on the school to find other things to highlight. Tell us where you have lived – and for how long – since you were born; whether you’ve always lived in the same place, or perhaps in a variety of places. (100 word limit) Regardless of whether  you’ve moved around a lot or stayed in the same town your entire life, this question allows you to reveal some key  insights  about yourself. If your family moves often,  you can use take this prompt  as an opportunity to explain  your adaptive personality and how you deal with  unfamiliar situations.  Or, instead of  focusing on the experience of  changing between  locations, you can  also discuss the  impact of each individual place on  you — how has each location contributed to who you are today? For example, maybe your disparate experiences with living in rural China and then metropolitan New York have played a large role in shaping your unique outlook on life. If you’ve always lived in the same place, then fear not — there’s an opportunity to shine here as well. You can discuss the impact on your life of the location that you currently reside in. People are often products of their environments — how has your environment made you who you are today?  Be careful not to overlap  your  answer with the next essay’s, though. Since the  next question asks about a community that you come from,  if you are not careful you might end up discussing similar concepts, resulting in a â€Å"waste† of an  answer  opportunity. One unique  angle to  approach this question is to  interpret the phrase  Ã¢â‚¬Å"where you have lived† in a different way. Most students will assume that Brown is asking about the times that your family has moved to a new location, a la moving trucks and new apartments/houses; however, you can also interpret it to mean the different spaces that you have occupied. For example, maybe  you’ve shared a bedroom with your older brother for as long as you can remember, but one day you moved into a  new room by yourself  Ã¢â‚¬â€ you could potentially use this situation  as a launching pad for discussing the importance you place on  independence. Or maybe you’ve always considered yourself to have multiple homes away from home. Especially if  you possess  a very strong extracurricular passion to back this  interpretation up, you might want to talk about how you considered yourself to â€Å"live† in the local community center, the museum,  o r the art studio. Again, if you find yourself writing answers  unable to write answers that don’t  overlap with the next prompt, then thinking outside of the box  might help here. We all exist within communities or groups of various sizes, origins, and purposes; pick one and tell us why it is important to you, and how it has shaped you. (150 word limit) This prompt is very similar to the background one for the Common App, and you should highlight a different community/group that you belong to if you chose that prompt for the Common App. While you may be tempted to discuss your ethnicity or nationality in response to this prompt, it is difficult to do so without drawing on clichà ©d themes because of the 150 word limit. Instead, you should probably draw on an extracurricular activity, friend group, or family. When you consider this group, the focus should be primarily on explaining the group’s impact on you. You should only spend one or two sentences explaining the group – the remainder of the essay should talk about interactions with the group and analyze them. In choosing to apply for the Brown-RISD A.B./B.F.A. dual degree program, your interests and future plans will be influenced and enhanced by the courses offered by both colleges. We are curious as to why you have chosen to apply for this specific dual degree program; please tell us your reasons for selecting it, and what you envision as its impact on your education and career. (500 word limit) The Brown – RISD program is designed to give students an opportunity to blend a Brown undergraduate education with the artistic majors and options available at the Rhode Island School of Design. You should have a very clear interdisciplinary artistic academic or career goal in mind with this essay—just describing a general interest in art and another subject is not specific enough for the program. Since one of the short essay prompts asks you about your choice of major already, your primary focus should be on the artistic field you plan to study at RISD and the interdisciplinary application therein. While the prompt simply asks for your reasons for selection, the admissions committees also want to know about your qualifications for the program, and with that in mind, you should include some reference to relevant experience (whether extracurricular or in school) that will simultaneously serve as a reason and qualification for your application. The Program in Liberal Medical Education (Both questions are required; please limit your response to each question to 500 words.) Most high school seniors are unsure about eventual career choices. What experiences have led you to consider medicine as your future profession? Please describe specifically why you have chosen to apply to the Program in Liberal Medical Education in pursuit of your career in medicine. Also, be sure to indicate your rationale on how the PLME is a â€Å"good fit† for your personal, academic, and future professional goals. (Please limit your response to this question to 500 words.) This is a pretty standard â€Å"why medicine† prompt which means that you should use many of the same tactics as you would for that type of essay (see our guide to 7-year med programs here ). But to provide a brief rehash, in order to convey why a guaranteed admissions program is a good â€Å"fit† for your goals, there are few different things you need to discuss. First, you need to discuss why you are qualified for medicine; namely what sort of extracurricular activities did you do in high school that were related to medicine, whether tangentially or directly. More specifically, you want to convey your abilities in two key areas: the scientific side of medicine (i.e. the ability to understand and cure diseases), and the humanistic side of medicine (the ability to connect with patients and care for them). Patient care experience is a big plus for this part of the essay, and experiences such as volunteering at a nursing home or shadowing a physician are great enhancers. In the process of outlining your qualifications, be sure to discuss why you enjoy each of those two facets of medicine. The final thing you want to address is why specifically an accelerated program. Simply saying that you want to save time (the real reason for many applicants) can backfire. Instead, if you have an application with lots of medical and science extracurricular activities, you can speak about why those activities solidified your desire to do medicine. Otherwise, if your resume is more balanced, you can resort to saying that you are committed to medicine because you already spent high school exploring other fields. Since the Program in Liberal Medical Education espouses a broad-based liberal education, please describe your fields of interest in both the sciences and the liberal arts. Be specific about what courses and aspects of the program will be woven into a potential educational plan. (Please limit your response to this question to 500 words.) Brown’s PLME is unique in that it is one of few guaranteed admission medical programs that offers students the opportunity to blend liberal arts with the science heavy curriculum of most medical programs. Accordingly, they want to see that you have some significant connection with and interest in liberal arts fields while applying to the program. You should definitely do some research on the specifics of Brown’s PLME. Be sure to highlight specific research or academic opportunities in your essay, and even drill down into specific courses if you can find ones that meet your needs. Beyond the academics of the program, you should also highlight some sort of humanistic question or skill you are trying to develop. In particular, given the complexity of modern medicine, outlining a desire to learn about fields like medical economics or medical ethics could be extremely beneficial.

Case study K-12 Education common core standards

K-12 Education common core standards - Case Study Example The common core standard system will establish objectives that the education sector should achieve within a certain timeframe. After the period of execution, they will provide a reference point for performance evaluation. In essence, the common core standards system will have provided a framework for performance evaluation in the education system. Performance evaluation is imperative in any sector since it reveals to the different stakeholders the impacts of the existing strategies. Despite having all the right intentions, the common core standards system may be counterproductive if undertaken unilaterally (Oros, 2007, p. 297). The process of establishing standards should be all-inclusive to ensure that educators and school administrators also contribute to the creation of the educational standards. In addition, the implementation should also involve the educators and administrator who are well versed with the challenges of implementing any education policy. The common core standards system will establish a mentality that the stakeholders have to keep improving if they are to remain relevant in the education system, which will be beneficial to the students, and the education system. Overall, the common core standards system is a noble educational system whose success will depend on the implementation and acceptance in the learning

Internet of Things-Smart Home Literature review

Internet of Things-Smart Home - Literature review Example uniqueness in home appliances such as security cameras, utility meters, thermostats, Blu-ray players and TVs, rather than a feature for the mass-market. As the world moves into a future where connectivity is pervasive and embedded in virtually every household device, this view will become out-dated. According to many analysts, the future smart home is likely to hold between 15 and 30 connected devices and sensors, all linked through a home network and related to service providers’ systems as well as the internet. The array of connected devices will range from usual household appliances through electric vehicle charging infrastructure and solar panels that consume as well as generate electricity. It is expected that the combined revenues from the home energy management (HEM), home automation and smart metering segments will be worth over $44 billion as at 2016. However, the overall potential of the smart home is expected to be considerably greater as devices from the health, ho me security, and entertainment sectors also become connected (Groupe Speciale Mobile Association [GSMA], 2011). This paper aims to undertake a critical review on the smart home. Precisely, this paper shall undertake a review of the smart home techniques that are currently in use, the communication techniques, and the boards used. This paper shall further review the currently used boards against the Teensy board, Adafruit CC3000 board, and an Arduino board with yun processor. Smart Home is a term used to refer to a residence that utilizes a home controller to integrate the different household automation systems within the residence (Robles & Kim, 2010). According to Levy, Taga, Saadoun & Riegel (2012), the Smart Home market consists of four main segments that include home automation/security, home assistance, home cloud, and e-Health. Levy et al (2012) point out that home automation is the centralization on a unique user interface of five major home systems. These include home utility and

3M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3M - Essay Example Contemporary academic settings have acknowledged the need to develop and recognize cultural intelligence as the ability to interpret and understand diverse cultural underpinnings. In this regard, not because the way things are done in Russia are different from what 3M is accustomed to, it should already mean that the organization should not do business there – most especially if there are vast opportunities in the Russian market that could be tapped and ventured on. 3M must simply understand which cultural practices must be respected and could not be changed in their entirety. As a multinational organization that operates in other parts of the world, it already has vast experience and understanding of cultural diversities and how they can adapt and adjust to the way of life to succeed in Russia. Honestly, I strongly believe that 3M could do business in Russia provided that they respect the cultural values and traditions of its people. Being an organization that promotes ethical behavior, I am sure that they have acknowledged which cultural beliefs need to be accepted and could not be meddled with. As such, by respecting the cultural norms and beliefs of the Russians, including business practices, 3M could be assured that they will proceed with smooth business interactions within the ethical standards and moral codes of discipline. The moral codes of conduct, as well as ethical standards in business are more or less universal in perspectives. 3M, as the investing organization in Russia, has the obligation to adhere to moral, ethical and social responsibilities as employer and therefore, could expect employees to conform to these obligations. In so doing, by the rules of being role models, 3M could improve the ethical climate in foreign countries where it does business with. It is one’s contention that a practical middle ground could be established by finding an effective and acceptable balance between American and Russian ways

The French revolution collapse of the feudal systems and monarchies of Essay

The French revolution collapse of the feudal systems and monarchies of 18th century Europe - Essay Example The French Revolution which took place between 1789 to 1794, â€Å"marked the advent of modern society†1, both bourgeois and capitalist, in the history of France. The revolution brought about the national unity of the country through destruction of the privileged feudal orders considered as remnants of the Middle Ages. It is historically significant because the revolution successfully established a liberal democracy. Due to these double outcomes, in the perspective of world history, it can be considered as a classical model of a bourgeois revolution. However, the history of the French revolution is an integral part of European history. Earlier revolutions in other European countries such as Holland in the 16th century, and two revolutions in England in the 17th century, as well as the 18th century revolution in America paved the way for the French revolution. In all the European countries, the evolution ultimately resulted in the formation of modern society. With the different revolutions opposing the old economic and social system with its feudalism, the bourgeoise could benefit to varying degrees. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons for the French Revolution and the collapse of the ancient monarchies and feudal systems of eighteenth century Europe. The Revolution began an era of change from the nineteenth century onwards, with the evolution of a democratic and equitable modern society. The Bourgeoisie Uprising: Cause of the French Revolution Lefebvre2 was a lifelong socialist, under the increasing influence of Marxism which assigns the bourgeoisie with the key role of representatives and beneficiaries of capitalism. According to this scholar, the rise of the bourgeoisie was the main cause of the French Revolution. After several centuries of increasing in numbers and wealth, the bourgeoisie class took control of power in France in 1789. Medieval society had been ruled over by a landed aristocracy, because the only f orm of wealth was land. However, by the eighteenth century, â€Å"economic power, personal abilities and confidence in the future had passed largely to the bourgeoisie†3 who were supported by a new form of wealth and a new ideology that was clearly defined. In 1789, the bourgeoisie overthrew the remaining aristocratic, feudal lords who had retained their dominance despite their economic decline. It was possible for the bourgeoisie to overthrow the aristocracy because the monarchy’s political authority had collapsed due to the lack of adequate funds. The reason for their inability to pay was that the aristocracy or privileged classes of nobility and clergy clung to their age-old privileges and immunity from paying. Moreover, they used their political power to prevent the king fom undertaking necessary reforms4. Following their ousting, the bourgeoisie established a regime based on the new distribution of economic power. Significantly, Lefebvre5 refers to four revolution ary movements in France between 1787 to 1789. First came the revolt of the aristocracy, which destroyed the monarchy. It was the culmination of an aristocratic resurgence which took place for over a century, in which the nobility had struggled to regain their pre-eminence in the social order, which Louis XIV had removed. In order to carrry out their revolution, the nobility had sought the support of the bourgeoisie; however the successful implementation of the movement provided the bourgeoisie with ideas to resolve their own problems. In the September of 1788, the parliament of Paris which formed the driving force behind the aristocratic reaction, required that the Estates-General promised by the government for 1789 should be constituted as they had been in 1614 at their last meeting. For the bourgeoisie this was not acceptable, since the forms of 1614 underscored aristocratic predominance. Under these circumstances the revolution of the bourgeoisie

Principels of Management ; Discssion Board 4 Term Paper

Principels of Management ; Discssion Board 4 - Term Paper Example By bringing operative employees into the decision making process, establishing a planning committee made up of three management members and three operative employees, starting a suggestion system, and installing a performance appraisal is a clear sign that Wallace embraces consultative leadership style. It happens with new management so as to understand some rules and organization culture. Leaders, though authoritative in the way they handle issues, tend to be paternalistic in nature. This is evident in the manner in which Rusty manages operations in the Plastic division. He believes work is work and if an employee does not improve, it is better they quit. In addition, he is firm and does not tolerate any form of nonsense but every employee likes him because he handles everything squarely. Wallace can use transactional leadership with Rusty because it will help help define systems and establish chain of command and make sure subordinates remain answerable to the management of be punished. Alternatively, Wallace can use participative leadership style in that he allows Rusty to make proposals about some decisions and decides whether they are good or not. Just as Rusty wants it done, being highly participative means that decision making is delegated to him as Wallace watches and advices where necessary. I agree with Rusty’s sentiments. People already like him and his style of leadership. In such a large organization, there is need for authoritative governance to ensure efficiency in production and system control. Having employees as participants in the decision-making process does not improve production quality if the leader is not strong enough to watch over activities and ensure every procedure is followed to the latter. What if employees decide to influence and demand for implementation of awkward policies that can lead to the downfall of the organization? What if employees do not have any competency skills in decision making? Producing items according to

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

None - Essay Example Philosophical works in the form of poetry written by Hesiod as early as eighth century BC indicated the presence of scarcity among human beings. Hesiod refers to competition as a real conflict amongst business. He ascertains the impact of entrepreneurial force in the creation of scarcity of resources in the community. As scarcity develops, human beings tend to scramble for the available resources. The philosopher further agrees to the fact that competition amongst business and the nature of scarcity of resources needs governorship by justice and the law. Philosophical theories frequently highlight the relevance of scarcity of resource and competition in the society. Their arguments remain ideal reflections of the occurrence in the business world (Spiegel 1). In modern business, healthy competition acts as a booster in the development of the society. Businesses compete for market share that leads to improvisation of marketing strategies that aims at increasing customer relations. Such improvement in customer preference to individual companies correlates to increased quality of service provision and hence productivity of the economy. Modern economic theories on competition as aforementioned agree Hesiod philosophies on existence of competition. Hesiod supported the existence of competition in the society and its relation to the measure of productivity. He affirms the relationship between competition and productivity through his literary works on Homeric poetry written between 830-750 BC. Hesiod describes competition as either destructive or productive of which the later forms part of contemporary economic productivity (Jr and HÃ ©bert). Productivity of the economy in a modern setting relates to hard work and determination. Such economic theory is in agreement with Hesiod philosophies. Hesiod believed that idleness and productivity could not rhyme. He criticized the former

War At Sea Essay Example for Free

War At Sea Essay Throughout the war the British fleets were superior. This was probably due to its large empire. 1914 The first naval battle was on August 28 when the British raided Heligoland Bight. British destroyers entered this German naval base and fired torpedoes but the Germans sent out cruiser ships, which were bigger and stronger. The destroyers retreated to open sea whilst being chased by the Germans and shot at by Battle ships. In September, submarine warfare began when German submarine U-9, sank 3 British cruisers. Meanwhile, 3 British cruisers pursued 3 rival cruisers to the coast of Chile where on November 1st, the Battle of Coronel took place. The Germans sunk 2 British cruisers without loosing 1 ship. When they heard of this the British Admiralty sent 2 more battle cruisers to sink the Germans, but they had gone to the Falkland Islands to raid a British wireless and coaling station. To their surprise they found a British squadron refuelling. The surprised, fleeing Germans were destroyed and 1,800 Germans died. In the Indian Ocean, the German ship Emden attacking small ports and sea-side villages (allies to the British) but later in the beginning of November was destroyed by an Australian cruiser. 1915 On January 23rd, a German squadron went to raid the English coast, but the English had been warned, and sent a fleet to meet them. They met at Dogger Bank and the Germans fled. The British were faster and sunk one cruiser and their 2 flagships were damaged. Because of a misunderstanding of signals, the British attack was not as full on as it should have been so the remaining German ships escaped. The reason the Americans got involved, was when the cruise liner Lusitania was torpedoed twice and sunk. 1,198 people died, 124 of them Americans. On August 19th, the British liner Arabic was lost and 4 more Americans died. 1916 The Battle of Jutland This was the only naval full-scale battle in World  War 1. Neither side was prepared to loose this battle. On the 31st of May, the British Grand Fleet saw the full High Seas Fleet 98 German ships sailing together. Both the British fleets advanced. David Beattys fleet took a parallel rout to the German ships and reached them first followed by Hugh Evan-Thomass squadron. They opened fire and Beatty lost the ships Indefatigable and Queen Mary and received several hits to his flagship Lion. Beatty retreated to Sir John Jellicoes main fleet. Both sides sustained many losses and took many casualties. That night when the main battle was over, the Germans tried to escape. They ran into the tail of a line of cruisers following Jellicoes southbound fleet. Once they were through the chaotic firing, sinkings and collisions of the night they went back to the Jade Anchorage. 1917 By 1917, Germany had built up its navy and because of this and unrestricted submarine warfare Britain almost had to pull out of the war at sea with their depleted navy. But they did not have to because Britain would of needed supplies, so some of the remaining ships of the British fleet joined with some American destroyers and escorted merchant ships to and from ports, whist destroying submarines. This was the convoy system. In February, March and April the Germans raided the English Channel, and in response, Britain raided Ostend and Zeebrugge several times. Later in the year, the British raided German coastal shipping in Holland and in November unsuccessfully raided German minesweeping operations in Heligoland Bight. In December the Germans raided several British-Scandinavian convoys. Britain lost many ships. 1918 German submarine warfare had been decreased by the allied convoy system, but it had not been stopped completely. Raids were sent to Ostend, Zeebrugge and Bruges (3 ports where submarines operated) but were not very successful. 2 more German ships Battle cruiser Goeben and light cruiser Breslau were attacked in the Aegean Sea. Breslau was sunk and Goeben was badly damaged. In March, the Germans made a large attack and this pushed back the Allies, but later in the year they retaliated and conquered the German navy, this won them and ended the war at sea.

The Thousands Of Idioms In English

The Thousands Of Idioms In English Introduction Language is a major feature of a nation. English language has developed hundreds of thousands of idioms. It has been estimated that about 7,000 idioms are used by a native speakers per week (Cooper, 1999, p. 249). At the same time, grasping idioms can be a great asset to learners in acquiring a new language (Celce-Murcia Larsen-Freeman, 1999, p.36). Idioms are extraordinarily difficult for their flexible structures and figurative meanings (Liu, 2003, p.675). For example, the meaning of high horse has nothing to do with high and horse but means an arrogant people. According to the surface meaning, second language learners can hardly tell its meanings. Also, Language is the most important communication tool. People use language to preserve and transmit human civilization, that is, language conveys the culture. Sapir (1921) observed that culture can be defined as what a human community does and thinks. The function of language is to explain what a thought is. Therefore, language does not exist alone. It is rooted in national culture and reflects national institutions. If culture is regarded as the cradle of language, animal idioms can be seen as the crystallization of culture. Animal idioms are plentiful in English. They prominently reflect English culture. For a long period, studies on animal idioms mainly focus on translation, cross-cultural comparison, literature, and so on. However, there are few studies on English animal idioms acquisition linking to British culture. Animal idioms, like a mirror, can clearly reflect the characteristics of a national culture. Generally speaking, anthropologists are divided into three levels of culture: high culture, popular culture, deep culture. High culture includes philosophy, literature, art and religion. Popular culture refers to customs, etiquette and the interpersonal aspects of life. Deep culture contains the meaning of beauty and ugliness, time orientation, problem-solving methods (Yin Li Han Xiaoling, 2007). High culture and popular culture belong to low context culture; deep culture belongs to high context culture. In this thesis, the key point is to investigate whether the Chinese English learners can unde rstand the low context culture by examining the command of animal idioms. High context culture is out of the scope of this project. Literature Review Culture and Language There are a large number of definitions in culture, but a few of them can be reviewed. The most classical definition of culture is made by Edward B. Tylor (1871), the father of cultural anthropology. The definition describes the culture as a center of society, which is regarded as the first important anthropological theory about culture. Tylor provided that culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of a society. He believed that culture is shared by all mankind, all community. Then, following the definitions of sociologists, they believe that culture refers to human attitudes, institutions, and beliefs etc. Reflecting the life of a human community is the key point in culture. Williams (1965) mentions that the definition of culture contains three general categories. First, culture is a state or process of human performance and has certain universal values. Second, culture is the body of intellectual and imaginative work. It records human thought and experience. Finally, third, culture refers to a society, that is, culture expresses certain meanings and values in peoples life. It is not only in art and learning but also in custom and ordinary behavior. Also, Deng and Liu (2007) point out that culture illustrates the ways of a people, that is to say, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society. Language is the carrier of culture which contains peoples daily life. Writing in 1950, Luo Changpei who was a famous linguist and educator in China recognizes that language is a crystallization of national culture, which spreads the past, pushes the future. Each language is a living fossil to a nation. Language as the main material has the most direct and close contact to build a culture. Furthermore, language is used for communication. It is impossible to use a language without awareness of its culture. That is to say, language can be a signal to identify different cultures. When language used by particular speakers, it conveys certain context which is how words be chosen, why to choose it, what meaning can be expressed. Language cannot exist without carrying culture meaning. Given the arguments above, the relationship between language and culture can be described as follows: language come from culture and culture embodies the entire way of life of a society. Using language can promotes cultural spread and culture can promote language development. Language and culture work closely and influence each other. Expressing facts, ideas, or events and reflecting the peoples attitudes, beliefs etc. are the most important function of a language. Language exchange actually is cultural communication. Learning a language well must be aware of its culture. Studies on Idioms Smith L.P. (1925, p.167) points out that there is the element of enrichment which is of greater importance, which comes from popular, free and unschooled English. This element consists of what people call idioms. Smith also defines its use in this connection. Idiom is sometimes used to describe the form of speech peculiar to a people or nation; idiom for the meaning is expressed by the French word idiotisme, that is to say, those forms of expression, of grammatical construction, or of phrasing, which are peculiar to a language, and approved by its usage, despite the meanings they convey are often different from their grammatical or logical signification. Makkais Idiom Structure in English, an extended version of his doctorial thesis (1965), identifies two major types of idioms: one is encoding; another is decoding. Makkai finds a rationale to explain this division. The headword listed in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) (1970) is sense 3a, which also appears in an identical form in the OED (1989): A form of expression grammatical construction, phrase etc., peculiar to a language; a peculiarity of phraseology approved by the usage of a language, and often having significance other than its grammatical or logical one ( cited from Fernando C., 1996, p.3-4). According to Moon Rosamund (1998:4), narrower uses restrict idiom to a particular kind of unit: one is fixed and semantically opaque or metaphorical, for examples, as white as a sheet or cold shoulder. In broader uses, idiom is a general term for many kinds of multiword item, no matter semantically opaque or not. For animal idioms, the form is usually loose, and it mainly focuses on figurative meanings rather than literal meaning, for examples, put the cart before the horse, or straight from the horses mouth. English idioms with the strong feature of rhetoric are formed from long-tem use and their structures are unique and have fixed expression. It contains proverbs, sayings, slangs, and allusions, etc. There are two important characteristics of idioms: one is semantic unity, that is, the overall meaning cannot be tracked from each word, for example, pull all ones eggs in one basket. It means the desperate situation not the surface meaning. Another is the structure of fixity, that is, its structure cannot be altered arbitrarily, for example, kick the bucket. It cannot say kick the pail or be used in the passive voice- the bucket is kicked (Wang Benhua, 2010). Animal idioms and British culture There is a close relationship between animals and peoples lives. On the one hand, animal is the main source of food and clothing for human; the other hand, kinds of animals represent certain images which people pay homage to them. These animals reflect human thought and contain certain national culture. There are three bases to make animal vocabularies to cause cultural meanings. First, derive from animals appearances, physical structure, mentality, behavior. Second, come from cultural content such as fables, legends, religions, physical geography, and customs. Third, be created by association, that is to say, animals are associated with another things which relate to potential cultural psychology (Liao Guangrong, 2000). In the perspective of linguistics, animal images used in idioms have figurative meaning. Idioms linked to animals usually contain metaphors. Animals denote and connote supposed qualities. These qualities are applied to people and human situations. There is a phenomen on that no idiom database contains animal or insect, although many contain hyponyms such as cat, dog, or horse. The reason may be that general words such as animal are too neutral to cause these kinds of institutionalized metaphors, despite the fact that both animal and insect are used in other contexts with metaphorical meanings (Moon, R., 1998, p.196). In the meantime, the formation of animal idioms relies on culture. According to the arguments mentioned above, culture refers to all aspects of a people such as geographical situation, the style of production, and literature etc. In the history, Great Britain was the overlord in the sea. Despite the Europe, other continents were the British colonies. Therefore, British nation could contact with many animal species. Britain is surrounded by islands. Due to the abundant resources from physical geography, animal idioms flourished in the early years of that century. Thereby, English idioms have close contact with sea and fishing, for example, hook ones fish. Comparing with China, Great Britain is filled with small mountains and strait lands. In ancient Britain, horses are main tillable force. The function of horses is above all. Thus, there is particularly large number of horse-related idioms, such as horse of another color, an iron horse, or horse sense etc. In ancient China, the cattle played a significant role. That is why so many idioms related to cattle in China, for examples, niu qi chong tian  ¼Ã…’feng ma niu bu xiang ji etc. These cattle and horses have been portrayed by cultural connotation. In addition, some animal images come from Greek and Roman mythology or Bible, like serpent which means Satan in Bible (Zhao Shuyun, 2010). Animal idioms related studies In the second language learning, correctly using idioms has always been regarded as a tough problem. A learner must recognize the fix structures and given meaning, not only the literal meaning but also the figurative meaning. Figurative meaning refers to metaphors which have close relationship with culture. Whats more, animal idioms are more flexible and oral orientation. It is not easy for second language learners to breach the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic barriers in idiom learning. Blasko and Connine (2002) made an experiment in comparing Malay and English to investigate second language figurative proficiency. They found two results as follows: First, figurative expressions with an equivalent conceptual basis and linguistic form are the easiest; Second, figurative expressions with an equivalent linguistic form but a different conceptual basis are the most difficult. Lin Weiyan (2003) designed a project to investigate English idiom learning in different cultural background. H e observes that English idioms with same figurative meaning as Chinese are easy to understand comparing with different figurative meaning as Chinese. That is to say, if the English idioms are similar to Chinese ones in expression and meaning, mother tongue will make effectively transfer; if not, mother tongue will make negative transfer. Wu Xudong and Chen Bin (2006) quickly came to the conclusion that the process of conceptual and cultural transfer is the process of comprehending English animal idioms, and Chinese English learners has low capability to comprehend English animal idioms with different metaphors. From the presented studies above, it can be concluded that commanding idioms, especially animal idioms is one of the big obstacles in second language learning. Chinese English learners have the advantage and disadvantage of understanding animal idioms, because there are some similar figurative meanings. But due to the learning environment, Chinese English learners have low capabilities to command animal idioms. Research Question Can the command of English animal idioms promote Chinese English Learners to understand British culture? Hypothesis Due to the relationship with language, animal idioms and culture, command of English animal idioms can promote Chinese English Learners to understand British culture.

The Sweet Thereafter Summary :: essays research papers

The movie and the novel 'The Sweet Thereafter'; had a few minor differences. Two of the differences that I would like to point out are the two that I consider being the two most important. The first topic of discussion in this paper is the picture on the front of the book and the meaning of it. The second topic I would like to bring up is the relationship between Mitchell and Zoe. The changes between the two are important, however, the main plot does not change between the movie and the novel. The first comparison I would like to make is the picture on the front of the book. The picture shows how the story affects Mitchell's life. After reading the book, watching the movie, and listening in class I realized how they reflect each other. The family on the front of the book is Stevens family. This picture was when Zoe, his daughter, was young. The mother and daughter appear to be very close. The reality within the picture is that Mitchell is not quit as close as they appear. Mitchell did not want to be that close to his family simply because he feared being to close and then losing them. The picture reminds me of the trip that the family took to North Carolina. This image comes from the end of their vacation. In the picture he seems like he is trying not to get to close to his family. One reason for this is the scare he went through with his daughter, Zoe. The scare the family went through was when Zoe got bit by a spider. When she started to swell up, her mother drove while Mitchell had to keep Zoe calm. To add to the scare Mitchell was going to have to do an emergency tracheotomy if her throat was to swell shut. They did, however, make it to the hospital on time. After getting back home that evening the mattress that Zoe slept on was burned. From that night and for the rest of the vacation Zoe slept with her parents. All during the scare with Zoe, Mitchell felt like he was two different people, a father and a doctor. The father role that he was playing was to keep his daughter calm. The doctor role of the situation was holding onto the knife ready to cut into his daughters throat at anytime, ready to save her life.

Computer Hardware :: Technology Computers Papers

It seems that in today's world nothing can be done without a computer, but upon a closer look, you will find that it is the hardware components and input and output devices that make a computer useful. What is it that determines the speed at which a computer can find a file? How do you get a report from your PC to the members of your next Board meeting? It is the hardware that is used with your computer that allows you to accomplish all of your business needs using your computer. Data input is the collection of raw data that is used to find needed information. Data input is an important part of any business, but different businesses have different needs when it comes to input devices. Some common business needs and the best data input solution to solve them are listed below: Printed questionnaires- An optical mark recognizer (OCR) would be best because it will read the answers chosen by the participant and turn it in to digital data. Telephone survey- A voice recognition device would be the best solution because it would allow the telephone survey answers to be converted for digital use. Bank checks- A magnetic ink character recognition device (MICR) is the best answer for banks because it was developed by banks to read a special magnetic ink with pertinent data to be converted in to digital information (Stair & Reynolds, 2006). Retail tags- For retail tags, bar code scanners allow for keeping track of inventory and for pricing and labeling. Long documents- Optical data readers are the best bet for allowing long documents to be scanned into digital data. Once a company has the input they need in digital form, they must have a tool that allows them to create high quality output of the information gathered. There are many output devices, but it is important to have the correct one for the job. Listed below are some examples of output and the best way to get it: Hand held computer- The best way to get output from a hand held is through the built in liquid crystal display (LCD) since there are no other built in output features. Color photograph- A color photo should be printed on a high resolution photo printer, or if it is a very large photo, a color plotter would be a good option. Resume- Since most resumes are printed at home, a personal ink jet printer is the way to go.

Passion in Writing for a Purpose :: essays research papers fc

Passion in writing for a Purpose   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When analyzing a written text there are a couple of things to look at. Does the author validate what they are writing? This question can be asked in order to figure out the different qualities of the essay itself. How does the author relay the massage? This is another question that can be asked from this analysis. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. explains his message very clearly in his text, The World House. Dr. King provides a lot of information to back his ideas and main thesis. He uses examples when he describes what he wants you to know. He is able to relay his message to the proper audience, which happens to be everyone in the world, but specifically to the African American people when he wrote the piece. He is able to set the tone and keep it from the beginning to the end. Dr. King is able to use audience, tone and language to relay his message. â€Å"A family unduly separated in ideas, culture, and interest, who, because we can never again live apart, must learn somehow to live with each other in peace.†(King, 338) The key here is to live with the people around you no matter what the differences between the people are. Whether the people in the house are of all different religions, cultures, ethnicities, and sexes, they must all be able to live together because they can not live without each other. He then mentions a citing from the Bible, where Moses is trying to free his people. â€Å"Let my people go,† says Moses, towards the pharaoh. (King, 340) This quote relates to his thesis and why he is writing this essay. Moses says this in order to let his people be free to live with everyone else and to be treated equal just like   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keeno 2 everyone else was at the time. It was their God given quality to be able to be free without restraints. He says that we shall all be able to live together because we are supposed to. This is effective for his audience to understand because they know the Bible. Also, he is a preacher so they know that it comes from a credible source when he writes. It is an effective way to quote from the Bible in this case in order to show how he lives his life but even further to explain the power which comes from within him.

Gender Roles in the Work of John Ford

Jonathan Moeller Final Paper, Theory and History of Cinema 5- ­? 4- ­? 12 1 Gender Roles in the Work of John Ford: How The Director of Westerns Used Women To Drive a Male Dominated Genre The Western genre has always been a representation of American identity, in that its films reflect societal moods, pop culture, politics, etc. The prototypical Western portrays beautiful open landscapes and heroic, rugged heroes who are set on either conquering or defending them. These iconic actors such as John Wayne, Roy Stewart, Alan Ladd, and Gary Cooper were made famous through being the centerpiece of Western films and series. These heroes and mages of the ‘great American frontier’ stand as metaphor for America itself. Yet, as we closely examine this exciting and adventurous genre of film we see that the hero’s female counterparts are usually underdeveloped and ignored. Western films, especially in the early years of the genre, featured women characters who held little i mportance to the plot and served as comedic or sexual support to the hero. In this essay I will examine how John Ford, as a Western filmmaker, did not follow the formula of the genre. He played with male characters that were not heroic, but were selfish and cold, and even more interestingly, readjusted he gender roles in his western films so that women were no longer simple characters, but in fact drove the story along and made significant plot- ­? related decisions. Often women and men were equals in Ford’s work. I will examine how Ford did this, and contemplate why, as well, in three of his western classics. The films we will be taking a close look at are Fort Apache (1948), The Searchers (1956), and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), all of which feature significant female character contributions. Before diving into the work of Ford and how he gave significance to women in the West, it is important to discuss further he attitudes that Western film, and all of Holly wood in the early 2 years, had towards female characters. According to Laura Mulvey, a feminist and film theorist who wrote extensively on the subject, Hollywood uses women in only two ways: â€Å"as erotic objects for the characters within the screen story, and as erotic object for the spectator within the auditorium†¦ She also connotes something the look continually circles around but disavows: her lack of penis, implying a threat of castration and hence unpleasure. † (Mulvey, p. 716- ­? 718) Therefore, women are either sex objects or characters to be feared. According to Mulvey,Hollywood feels female characters shouldn’t be complex, shouldn’t grow and change, and certainly aren’t able to make decisions that change the outcome of the story. All of that should be left to the male heroes. Early Western films followed a strict formula. They featured rugged yet like able heroes from the frontier, and pitted against them was almost always a foreign ad versary. He was either a Native American, or more typically a well- ­? dressed man from the East coast. (Garfield) Women in these early films played very small roles, most fitting into Mulvey’s definition of sex object. They also acted as a power symbol, and the an who possessed the leading woman had all the power, something we will examine in more depth later in this essay. In 1948, John Ford began to change the dynamics between these dominant male characters and their passive, sexual counterparts when he made Fort Apache. The film starred John Wayne playing captain Kirby York, a prototypical Western hero, who is as rugged as they come as well as a well- ­? knowledged man of the West stationed at the frontier’s Fort Apache. Henry Fonda played opposite of him as Lt Col. Owen Thursday, a prototypical Western villain, because he came from a foreign land with the intent of instilling change.Thirdly, the film starred Shirley Temple as Owen's cute, innocent daughter, Ph iladelphia Thursday. The story revolves around Owen 3 Thursday’s attempts to control the â€Å"wild† Apache tribes of the area and send them back to their reservation, usually against the advice of York. All of these story and character dynamics are to be expected when examining a Western film, but it is Ford’s portrayal of women, and in fact the number of contributing female characters, that make this classic of the genre stand out. According to film critic Howard Movshovitz, John Ford used a subtle semiotic technique to imply his heroes’ opinions of women n his films. â€Å"Good women are still; only questionable women travel under their own power,† he says. (Movshovitz, p. 71) By this he means that good- ­? intending women in Ford’s films are always immobile, and the women whom we are to distrust are those that move around freely. As we begin to examine Fort Apache and its female characters, we must keep this in mind. The first female c haracter we meet is Philadelphia Thursday, and we are introduced to her as she is riding inside of a wagon. According to Movshovitz’s theory, this means she is good. I would take it a step further and say that we are being presented an innocent character ere, who I think falls in line with Mulvey’s theory. Shirley Temple was a sex symbol, and that’s also how Philadelphia Thursday looks to us when we meet her. Immediately, she is fawned at by a group of soldiers and flirts with the young Michael O’Rourke. We get a very iconic and telling shot from Ford in the introductory tavern scene, in which Miss Thursday and O’Rourke sit down next to each other and smile, while not looking or speaking to one another. Ford is symbolizing a lot for us here. Obviously he is setting up their future romantic relationship, but he is also foreshadowing for us gender roles of Fort Apache, where both of hese characters are headed. As we are to find out, the women in the fort run the show. They are the ones who take care of the everyday business within the fort, while the men train and go off to battle the surrounding Indian tribes, and as I will explain later, the men actually need their women in order to survive. By not allowing 4 O’Rourke to speak in the aforementioned shot, Ford is suggesting that he needs Miss Thursday to initiate the conversation for him. He is already dependent on women, and therefore will quickly fit in once he arrives at the fort. Ford is also presenting to us something about Miss Thursday with this shot, owever it is contrast to the character that she eventually becomes. Here, by being quiet, Miss Thursday is conforming to Eastern societal standards and waiting to be courted. Ford is showing us that she is a foreigner and that she is dependent on men, but as soon as she steps foot within the confines of Fort Apache all of this changes. Upon arrival to the fort, O’Rourke pays a visit to the Thursday residence to drop off his card, and only Miss Thursday is there to receive him. She immediately goes on the offensive and tries to persuade him to admit his romantic intentions towards her. O’Rourke is confused by her forwardness, and eeds her to spell it out for him, a job which actually gets turned over to Kirby York who enters the scene about halfway through. Over the course of one night in the fort, Miss Thursday has been transformed into a woman who takes matters into her own hands. Later that day, Miss Thursday decides to fix up her and her father’s house, which proves to be our more solid introduction of another important female character in this film, Mrs. Collingwood. It is Mrs. Collingwood, in fact, who makes all of the arrangements for the Thursdays to have furniture and food and even a servant. That night, when Owen Thursday comes home from work and inds his house fixed up he is very surprised, and slightly confused at how it happened. He is openly admitting here tha t Philadelphia is more capable than he, at least in the matters of the home, because of the fact that she was able to take care of a matter he was not. Male characters do not do this in Western films. The entire genre is built around a macho mindset in which the male hero or villain is the all- ­? mighty, yet here Ford has decided to give power to Miss Thursday and by association Mrs. Collingwood. It is one of the first instances that Ford shows us 5 how important his female characters are. Without them, we are to ssume that the entire fort would have nothing and would therefore collapse. This scene is also significant to note because of what it foreshadows for later in the film. Owen Thursday and Mrs. Collingwood end up being our too most powerful characters, which I will explain, and through this scene Ford is showing us who deserves this power. This scene allows us the room to be skeptical of Owen Thursday, and believe his poor decision making at the end of the film, because we are led to ask how he is capable of running a fort when he can’t even run a house hold. This idea of giving Miss Thursday and Mrs. Collingwood power over men is n contrast to both Mulvey and Movshovitz. These women are in motion, they move about on their own two feet freely and therefore, according to Movshovitz, are questionable. Yet, how can we question them when they are giving such positive contributions to our male heroes? These women are making it possible for the men of the fort to live and defend it. I believe Movshovitz would make the argument that Ford is foreshadowing here, and that the reasons that these women are not to be trusted arrives later in the film. In saying so, he wouldn’t be entirely wrong, however, I believe the actions these characters have that can be viewed as

Race Relations Essay

The article entitled â€Å"The state of race relations [Editorial].† was written by M. Fletcher & K. Thompson was taken from the Courier-Journal website http://www.courier-journal.com/ dated January 17, 2010 but was retrieved on January 27, 2010. The article focuses on racial profiling, particularly that of Black Americans by law enforcement. The first point that Fletcher & Thompson makes is how the first year of President Obama’s presidency brought the country face to face with racial schisms as much as it has promoted racial understanding. It is further implied that most Americans do not completely view President Obama as African American, citing that he is â€Å"Light-skinned†, has no â€Å"Negro dialect.† and therefore not subjected to the same police brutality as that of dark skinned African Americans such as Harvard scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. Gates was arrested by Cambridge, Mass Police Sgt. James Crowley for disorderly conduct after police were called to his home suspecting to find a black man breaking into the home; Bates did not have his keys. All charges were subsequently dropped. The second point suggests that while the gap between whites and blacks has narrowed in the past decade, racial profiling and the reconciliation President Obama’s election seemed to have promised remains far off. President Obama seems to be what every red blooded American didn’t want in a president: black, little political experience, supposed Muslim beliefs and hope that Americans could become equal in all aspects of society. I am lead to believe the difference between African Americans and Anglo Americans is growing in a positive direction. As with Sgt. James Crowley, the view of black Americans remains relatively the same in a general sense, yet with the election of the first African American as President of The United States, the way law enforcement uses or collects data will be a basis for a unified change in how race is viewed throughout the world. The United States will reflect how those in authority are trained, educated and in cases where wrong doings are revealed, disciplined. No matter what changes are made in our future, wherever race is a factor there will be ignorance.

Question Bank Essay

What is Software Development Life Cycle? (SDLC) (2 mks) System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing information systems through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. b) Draw a diagram for pure waterfall life cycle. (5 mks) [pic] c)Explain the different phases involved in waterfall life cycle. (8 mks) Phase I – Modeling Phase In this phase we view the software product as part of a larger system or organization where the product is required. This is basically a system view where all the system elements are created. Phase II – Software Requirements Analysis Here we have a phase where the requirements are gathered. The information domain for the software is understood. The function, behaviour, performance and interfacing of the software are determined. The requirements of the software and the customer are decided upon. Phase III – Design This determines the data structures, the software architecture, the interface representations and the procedural (algorithmic) detail that goes into the software. Phase IV – Code Generation Here the actual programming is done to obtain the machine code; it is an implementation of the design. Phase V – Testing The testing is a process that goes hand in hand with the production of the machine code. There are a number of testing strategies. First unit testing is done and then integration testing. Alpha testing is to see if the software is as per the analysis model whereas beta testing is to see if the software is what the customer wanted. Phase VI – Installation The software is released to the customer. Phase VII – Maintenance This is the largest phase of the software life cycle. Maintenance can be of different types: to modify the software as the requirements of the customer evolve, to remove the residual bugs in the software etc. 2)What is feasibility study? What are the contents we should contain in the feasibility report? (5 mks) A feasibility study is an initial look at an existing information processing system to decide how it might be computerized or improved. The contents that a feasibility report are: †¢ A statement of purpose of the system. †¢ A definition of system scope. †¢ A list of deficiencies of the current system. †¢ A statement of user requirements. The cost and benefits of development. †¢ A conclusion and recommendations. 3)What are the purposes of Data Flow diagrams, Entity-Relationship diagrams? Give an example diagram of each. (10 mks) Data Flow Diagrams Data Flow diagrams are a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data sources/destinations. The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers. The diagrams are: †¢ Graphical – Eliminating thousands of words; Logical representations – Modeling WHAT a system does, rather than physical models showing HOW it does it †¢ Hierarchical – showing systems at any level of detail; and †¢ Jargonless – allowing user understanding and reviewing. [pic] Entity Relationship Diagram E-R Diagram is a graphical representation of the data layout of a system at a high level of abstraction. It defines data elements and their inter-relationships in the system [pic] 4)What is data modeling? Give 5 examples for data modeling. (5 mks) Data modeling is the act of exploring data-oriented structures. Like other modeling artifacts data models can be used for a variety of purposes, from high-level conceptual models to physical data models. From the point of view of an object-oriented developer, data modeling is conceptually similar to class modeling. With data modeling you identify entity types whereas with class modeling you identify classes. Data attributes are assigned to entity types just as you would assign attributes and operations to classes. Examples for data modeling include: †¢ Entity-Relationship diagrams †¢ Entity-Definition reports †¢ Entity and attributes report †¢ Table definition report Relationships, inheritance, composition and aggregation. 5)What is the difference between SRS document and design document? What are the contents we should contain in the SRS document and design document. SRS Document SRS document is a contract between the development team and the customer. Once the SRS document is approved by the customer, any subsequent controversies are settled by referring the SRS document. SRS document defines the customer’s requirements in terms of Functions, performance, external interfaces and design constraints. SRS Includes: †¢ Functional †¢ Non functional User †¢ Interface †¢ System Design Document The purpose of a design is to describe how the enhancements will be incorporated into the existing project. It should contain samples of the finished product. This could include navigational mechanism screenshots, example reports, and component diagrams. Design Includes: †¢ E-R Diagrams †¢ Data flow diagrams †¢ Data Dictionary 6)Explain all the phases involved in the implementation phase. (10 mks) Conduct system Test In this test software packages and in – house programs have been installed and tested, we need to conduct a final system test. All software packages, custom- built programs, and many existing programs that comprise the new system must be tested to ensure that they all work together This task involves analysts, owners, users, and builders. Prepare Conversion Plan On successful completion of system test, we can begin preparations to place the new system into operation. Using the design specifications for the new system, the system analyst will develop a detailed conversion plan. This plan will identify Database to be installed, end – user training and documentation that needed to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the old system to the new system. The conversion plan may include one of the following commonly used installation strategies 1)  Abrupt Cut-over 2)  Parallel Conversion 3)  Location Conversion 4) Staged Conversion Install Databases In the previous phase we built and tested the database. To place the system into operation we need fully loaded databases. The purpose of this task is to populate the new systems databases with existing database from the old system. System builders play a primary role in this activity. Train Users Converting to a new system necessitates that system users be trained and provided with documentation that guides them through using the new system. Training can be performed one on one; however group training is preferred. This task will be completed by the system analysts and involves system owners and users. Convert to New System Conversion to the new system from old system is a significant milestone. After conversion, the ownership of the system officially transfers from the analysts and programmers to the end users. The analyst completes this task by carrying out the conversion plan Recall that the conversion plan includes detailed installation strategies to follow for converting from the existing to the new production information system. This task involves the system owners, users, analysts, designers, and builders. 7)List and explain different types of testing done during the testing phase. (10 mks) Unit Involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. Unit testing involves the use of debugging technology and testing techniques at an application component level and is typically the responsibility of the developers, not the QA staff. Integration As the system is integrated, it is tested by the system developer for specification compliance. †¢Concerned with testing the system as it is integrated from its components †¢Integration testing is normally the most expensive activity in the systems integration process †¢Should focus on: †¢Interface testing where the interactions between sub-systems and components are tested †¢Property testing where system properties such as reliability, performance and usability are tested System Testing the system as a whole to validate that it meets its specification and the objectives of its users. The testing of a complete system prior to delivery. The purpose of system testing is to identify defects that will only surface when a complete system is assembled. That is, defects that cannot be attributed to individual components or the interaction between two components. System testing includes testing of performance, security, configuration sensitivity, startup and recovery from failure modes. Involves test cases designed to validate that an application and its supporting hardware/software components are properly processing business data and transactions. System testing requires the use of regression testing techniques to validate that business functions are meeting defined requirements. Black Box This is testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested. For example, when black box testing is applied to software engineering, the tester would only know the â€Å"legal† inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but not how the program actually arrives at those outputs. It is because of this that black box testing can be considered testing with respect to the specifications, no other knowledge of the program is necessary. For this reason, the tester and the programmer can be independent of one another, avoiding programmer bias toward his own work. White Box Also known as glass box, structural, clear box and open box testing. White Box is a software testing technique whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested are used to select the test data. Unlike Black Box testing, white box testing uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs. The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do. He or she can then see if the program diverges from its intended goal. White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission, and all visible code must also be readable. 8)List and explain all the phases involved in the construction phase. (10 mks) Build and Test Networks †¢ In many cases new or enhanced applications are built around existing networks. If so there is no problem. †¢ However if the new application calls for new or modified networks they must normally be implemented before building and testing databases and writing or installing computer programs that will use those networks. This phase involves analysts, designers and builders †¢ A network designer and network administrator assume the primary responsibility for completing this task. Build and Test Databases †¢ This task must immediately precede other programming activities because databases are the resource shared by the computer programs to be written. If new or modified databases are required for the new system, we can now build and test those databases. †¢ This task involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders. †¢ The same system specialist that designed the database will assume the primary responsibility in completing this task Install and Test New Software Packages †¢ Some systems solutions may have required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so, once networks and databases for the new system have been built, we can install and test the new software. †¢ This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, vendors and consultants. Write and Test New Programs †¢ In this phase we are ready to develop any programs for the new system. Prototype programs are frequently constructed in the design phase. However, these prototypes are rarely fully functional or incomplete. This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion? Why is it necessary? Data Conversion is the changing of the data structure to accommodate new or different needs for the data. Different operating systems have different application software, and each application normally has its own internal way of saving data. There are some standards such as CSV files for databases and RTF files for word processing text, however, these are few and far between and often only save the basic information rather than the full structure. 10)What is change management? Computer based systems are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a need of some changes to the information system. The changes occur not only during the study, design, and development phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are essential to the management of change. †¢ The performance review board, which can make management–level decisions about system modifications. †¢ Baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and impact of proposed modifications. 11)What is user acceptance testing? Explain different testings in user acceptance testing. Why is it necessary? User Acceptance Testing is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the â€Å"real world† by the intended audience. Different testings are: Alpha Testing Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the software is first able to run. It will not have all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be able to accept inputs and generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developer’s offices on a separate system. Beta Testing The beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, to a large number of real people, real hardware, and real usage. Beta testing is not a method of getting free software long-term, because the software expires shortly after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients ; in-house) 12)What are functional and non-functional requirements? Functional †¢ How the system should react to the particular inputs †¢ How the system should behave to the particular situations †¢ What the system should not do Non functional †¢ Constraints on the services or functions †¢ Time constraints †¢ Constraints on the development process 13)Explain the steps involved in the prototyping 1. Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping. 2. Make plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates). 3. Transform the conceptual design to a first outline of the user interface and a first synopsis for the users’ information. 4. Design the paper prototype. 5. Let domain experts review the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6. Test the prototype’s usability.

Environmental Factors Checkpoint

Checkpoint: Environmental Factors Summarize the four external environmental factors and six internal environmental factors that help organizations achieve optimal function. Include in your response the factors that you feel are most important to the success of a human service organization. The four environmental factors that help organizations achieve optimal function are as follows. * Economic Factors * Sociological Factors * Technological Factors * Political and Professional FactorsEconomic factors play a key role in how a successful organization functions because when the economy is in a recession and funding cuts are inevitable human services are usually first to be cut in the budget. Funding sources, non-cash revenues, clients or consumers, suppliers and competition are all economic factors that affect the optimal function of an organization. Political factors affect the optimal achievement of an organization because the attitudes of community leaders and citizens can affect the type of services provided.Community value systems are more likely to support services provided to abused and neglected children or women who have suffered from domestic violence, however they are less likely to support social service programs for recovering alcoholics or the homeless. A good manager needs to take into consideration the interaction between an agency and the community. Professional Considerations play a key role in the optimal success of an organization because accreditation is needed to ensure the agency meets a set of standards. Fundraising for agencies has been found to be more successful if the agency can advertise their accreditation status.Technological Factors are important for human service agencies which regards the use of equipment such as computers and software as well as the development of new treatment approaches. The responsibilities that are being imposed on agencies today require data processing capability. The six Internal Factors that help organizat ions achieve optimal function are as follows. * Organizational purpose mission and philosophy * Organizational Planning * Financial Resources * Organizational Operations * Technological Resources * Human ResourcesSuccessful organizations are those where managers are able to integrate organizational variables and human variables that are consistent and responsive to organizational mission and goals. Miles (1975) Organizational planning and program structure help an agency to deliver services and programs with effective organizational operations. Human resources, technological resources, and financial resources are essential components of an effective and successful human service organization which I feel are most important to the organizations optimal achievement. Kelly Lindquist

Gang Research Review Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gang Research Review - Term Paper Example and Meeker were able to find effective claims regarding the truth behind the reaction that the youth has on the changes happening in the society today. Truthfully, the world to which the youth grow up to today is a major presentation of worldwide liberation (458). A matter of concentration that is focused upon making amends as to how to teach the youngsters to be disciplined while actually let them live a life that they want is one of the highest concerns of the public today. Apparently, being born to a society of liberalization has made it harder for many youngsters today to actually see the real importance behind the truthful effects of freedom in their lives. No matter, the situation of the current society still suggests that there are still other reasons that could be pinpointed as to why and how gangs develop in the society. In the discussion that follows, one of the most important factors that brings about the possibility of gang developments in the society, peer pressure, shall be further discussed and clarified. The study of Cindy Ness (2004) on Why Girls Fight gives an evident source of understanding as to how and why gangs are receiving a warm welcome among the young communities today. According to this study, the researchers in the past felt that they had it all figured out. They had intently examined 200 children from their infancy through adolescence. They analyzed the parents, the home environment and the disposition of each child. Then they predicted which of these children would become happy adults. It seemed simple—a happy childhood under a pleasant family environment would produce a happy adult. After waiting till the children became 30 years of age, they re-interviewed them. This interview showed how girls and boys differ in their views towards their peers and how they view the acceptance given to them by the group they ought to belong to. (33) In connection with the study of Jodi Lane and James Meeker’s Fear of Gang Crimes, Cindy

Answer the following macroeconomic questions Assignment

Answer the following macroeconomic questions - Assignment Example It is important for management to understand the various factors like risk management, risk diversification, market supply demand etc before making important investments. One of the major factors which led the mortgage crisis in the U.S. is the failure of the regulations in the U.S. mortgage and derivative markets. Actually, the regulations contribute to prudent lending or encourage excessive risk taking by increasing the confidence level of investors in the system which is highly controlled and regulated. However, the old regulations have become ineffective in the current global financial system and there is a need to bring change in the old regulations by introducing new ones. The incompetent and dishonest players are harming the consumers and mortgage broking sector and very few barriers have been made to keep them out of this industry. Therefore, through regulations, the competent and incompetent participants need to be distinguished so that a strong and stable system could be bu ilt. This will surely encourage the investors to take risks and increase their confidence in the industry.

French colonialism in Tunisia why did the french want to colonize Research Paper

French colonialism in Tunisia why did the french want to colonize Tunisia - Research Paper Example After the exit of the Ottoman Turks from Tunisia, major European powers were involved in a contest as to who would occupy the North African country. The French had to surpass two other European powers, in order for the former to establish its control over Tunisia. Both the British, Italians lost to the French in the occupation and gradual colonization of Tunisia. Accordingly, this essay will seek to establish the factors that led to the French occupation and colonization of Tunisia. Among the possible reasons for the French interest in Tunisia could be economic gain. At the time France was colonizing Tunisia, the latter was in a serious financial predicament, owing to numerous European debts2. Did France stand to gain economically by colonizing a financially weak country? On the other hand, Algeria, already a French protectorate and its proximity to Tunisia was of significance to the French colonists3. We shall also consider that maybe the French wanted to colonize Tunisia so as to i mpose French culture on the Muslim-dominated country. A final factor that could have motivated France to colonize Tunisia would be the need for the former to re-establish itself as a key power in global politics. The only way for France to achieve this imperialism would be through amassing as many colonies as possible. The topic on the French colonization of Tunisia is very intriguing. This is based on the fact that Tunisia is a country that borders the Sahara desert, the largest dessert in the world4. The leaves one wondering what could be so appealing about Tunisia, in order for it to be a centre of interest for three European powers. Particularly, why would France, a country recovering from major losses in Europe such its crush in the Franco-Prussian war want to colonize a country in economic crisis? France was willing to forego its interests in Cyprus to the British, in exchange

Middle Eastern Humanities CH. 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle Eastern Humanities CH. 5 - Essay Example be used in setting up the environment for the visitors, for instance, in order to maximize the number of banquet tables in the room, they can be set in a corner or fit in the center of the room. In most cases, diagonal placement and arrangement of banquet tables is deemed to be spacious and efficient as opposed to lateral rows. In making a six-course banquet for visitors from the East, Israel and turkey can require proper planning of the events so that the culinary cultures of the visitors are not violated or offended. However, the banquet being offered may not necessarily incorporate all the cultural values of the visitors, a great degree of comfort and confidence in setting up the banquet is necessary (Helstosky 87). At the same time, there has to be a high degree of ethics related to table manners and other culinary involvements. During the event, tea will be served, as well as other warm beverages depending on the state of the weather, if it will be extremely hot, then it will be prudent to serve cold beverages. During the session, snacks like peanuts or sweets will also be offered for those that may wish to have them, as the visitors get to interact and share light moments, the host will have to inform them when to sit on the round tables. In terms of dishes, beef, chicken, vegetables, as well as different varieties of seafood, shall also be offered, while serving, it will be necessary to keep the number of dishes even (Notaker 187). However, the number of guests and their culinary practices, according to their cultures will determine the setting up of dishes during the banquet. Most often, rice is always served in large banquets, it is usually served last or as the second-last dish, this is done with the aim of avoiding the impression that the host was in misery for serving a meal that is different from the main basic food. Before serving dessert, it is important to start with soup, this ensures that any small amount of space in the stomach is filled,

Public Awareness and Human Diseases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public Awareness and Human Diseases - Essay Example With an increasing incidence worldwide, DM will be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for the foreseeable future. DM1 is classified on the basis of the pathogenic process that leads to hyperglycemia, as opposed to earlier criteria such as age of onset or type of therapy. The two broad categories of DM are designated type 1 and type 2. Type 1A DM results from autoimmune beta cell destruction, which leads to insulin deficiency. Individuals with type 1B DM lack immunologic markers indicative of an autoimmune destructive process of the beta cells. However, they develop insulin deficiency by unknown mechanisms and are ketosis prone. Relatively few patients with type 1 DM are in the type 1B idiopathic category; many of these individuals are either African-American or Asian in heritage. Type 2 DM1 is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased glucose production. Distinct genetic and metabolic defects in insulin action and/or secretion give rise to the common phenotype of hyperglycemia in type 2 DM. ... Likewise, prevalence rates of IFG3 are also increasing. Although the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 DM is increasing worldwide, the prevalence of type 2 DM is expected to rise more rapidly in the future because of increasing obesity and reduced activity levels. DM increases with aging. In 2000, the prevalence of DM was estimated to be 0.19% in people 20 years old. In individuals >65 years the prevalence of DM was 20.1%. The prevalence is similar in men and women throughout most age ranges but is slightly greater in men >60 years. The prevalence of type 2 DM and its harbinger, IGT2, is highest in certain Pacific islands, intermediate in countries such as India and the United States, and relatively low in Russia and China. This variability is likely due to genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. DM prevalence also varies among different ethnic populations within a given country. In 2000, the prevalence of DM in the United States was 13% in African Americans, 10.2% in Hispanic Americans, 15.5% in Native Americans (American Indians and Alaska natives), and 7.8% in non-Hispanic whites. The onset of type 2 DM occurs, on average, at an earlier age in ethnic groups other than non-Hispanic whites. Mortality rates in people with diabetes exceed those in the general population despite many recent improvements in care. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the young, and is a substantial cause of morbidity as well as mortality at all ages. After the introduction of insulin in 1922 it was hoped that adverse consequences of diabetes might become a thing of the past, but mortality rates are still higher than those in the general population and, in addition,