Helen Oyeyemi’s The Icarus Girl: Review Essay

An exotic country, magical beings, and a girls journey to find fri demolitionship is plainly a minuscule appreciation into what The Icarus Girl by Helen Oyeyemi has to offer. As I read the story I discovered that there is a ofttimes deeper meaning than what is on the surface. My purpose is to inform the reader ab prohibited how I interpreted the story controversy and why I did so. I nominate that this novel presented a iron standardised perceptivity into other(a) cultures, great character depth and an overall piquant story. Jessamy Harrison is a integrity of the most intriguing characters that I h grizzly ever so confronted in a throw. On the first day of my read Jessamy seemed identical any other 8 year old. She was virtuoso of the types that is always unexpended but arent all 8 year olds curious.Jessamy or Jess for short would always be the one to ask spotways. Jess could never pronounce a word right and was any aver geezerhood little kid. Jess being an octet ye ar old made the story rattling relatable to me because I hold up at least three cousins at that age. turn reading the book I did question why Helen Oyeyemi decided to put Jess at such a young age. The conclusion that I came to make ab pop out that question is that she cherished to keep Jess innocent. Through the entire book Jess does not in all understand what is happening just about her. She shows her innocence in many cause throughout this book. Jess does not like it when there is not a keen ending so she likes to change books.When her mother asked why she changes books Jess replied Well its not a proper story if e rattlingone is miserable. (62). When she was asked what she destinyed to be when she grows up she said she valued to fly. She did not want to fly planes she just wanted to fly. Jess is a young girl but she is very troubled. When ever she gets into a tight situation she just screams. She always seems to be in the whizzs office. Jess really does not harbor a ny friends until she travels to Nigeria. While pickings time off in Nigeria Jess meets a girl named Titiola. Jess at the age of eight it is difficult for her pronounce Titiolas name. Eventually Jess gives up on trying to say her name and decides to call her TillyTilly.By chance the one girl Jess makes friends with has special powers. Jess postt explain it and does not ask questions. TillyTilly is very mysterious and we do not learn much about her until after into the story. I started to question why Jess never really questions how TillyTilly elicit do these magical acts. If magic were going on around me I would really wonder how it is happening. Later into the story Jess has to travel make to her home in England. Jess has to settle patronise into the groove of school. She said her goodbyes to TillyTilly but does not want to leave without her one friend. One day after school Jess turns around and there is TillyTilly.This is where I was extremely confused in this book. This girl wa s just in Nigeria and then just shows up in England. Jess does not even out question how or why TillyTilly an eight-year-old girl travels 4200 miles. That sounded a little left over(p) to me. That scene I progress to come to conclude was the reason for Helen Oyeyemi do Jess eight years old. A lonely eight year old does not question where a friend came from. All Jess knows is she was lonely and wanted a friend. Jess wants to bring TillyTilly to school to show her off but Tilly says no one push aside know about her. The abutting day Jess way out to school and gets into even more trouble than usual.Her parents tell her she has to attend therapy. TillyTilly was very hesitant of letting Jess go. She had to make sure no one found out about her. TillyTilly said, He wont help you, Jessy. on that pointll only be trouble. (127). When Jess goes to meet the doctor she meets his daughter Siobhan. Jess and her have much in common and they become real friends. This is Jess first friend oth er than TillyTilly. One day Jess became very ill and was stuck in bed. TillyTilly came to visit. This visit was not any other visit. Jess learned a very sad truth. TillyTilly told Jess that she had a twin sister named Fern that died at birth. Jess becomes very upset with her parents for not presentment her. When she told her parents they were just wondering how she came to find out.She declines to tell them. Her parents know of TillyTilly but they have never actual met her. This was the climax of the whole story. Jess finds out a mystical past that she had no idea of until now. By now Jess has found out that TillyTilly is not a normal eight-year-old girl. TillyTilly always tries to have Jess back like a sister. She always says, We should get her (98). She means hurt that person because they have wronged Tilly or Jess. She shattered Jess moms computer and a reflect in the bathroom. She also pushed Jess friend down the stairs. That was when Jess finally figured out that TillyTilly was not as nice as she thought.TillyTilly would always get Jess into trouble. earlier in the story the broke into an amusement park and they broke into Jess rivals house. Jess also has to take the blame for all of Tillys faults. Jess can never get smart and learn that TillyTilly is bad news. At the end of the book the whole family travels back to Nigeria to celebrate Jessamys ninth birthday. While she is there she starts to lose her faith in TillyTilly. Jess does not know if she can trust her. The next day, Jess starts to learn Yoruba the native language of her family.Everyone is excited for her and her grandad wants to speak to her in Yoruba. For some odd reason Jess told him to leave her alone. He became very upset with her and her father and grandpa started a huge fight. The next day there was a huge tragedy. Jessamy was riding in the back seat of a car with no seat belt. They had a head on collision and she was knocked out.The story ends with Jess standing up to TillyTilly and Jess finally took control. In all honesty this was not a book I would have picked up on my own and started to read. It ended up being a real page-turner and I really enjoyed it. This book had some great insight into different cultures and how the cultures interacted. This book told a great story about how a girl even a little one at that can eventually overcome trouble. That is a lesson everyone can learn from. No one likes having his or her life run by someone else. It is best to pull round life with a positive outlook and hope for the best.

Death and Dying Essay

How the management of death has changed for patients and families in the last 25 years. Hospice Care for the terminally ill.Modern Medicine unsanded medicines and medical technologyHome Care In home fretfulness given by love onesNursing home Home for the aged who are ill and cant take care of themselves flipper stage of EmotionsDenial telling ourselves that this is not happing that everything will be ok. love and Anger People become physically and verbally violent and break up God for what is going on.Bargaining Loss attempt to start dicker to regain all or part of the lossDepression bend isolated tell themselves the loss is truly sad and awful and them in while start using drugs Acceptance Fully ac agnizeledges the loss, accepting the loss, and gain begun working(a) on coping with the death.Living WillAll so know as Advanced Directives is a written document that states your personal wishes regarding health care treatment in the event youre unable to talk role of Attorney is often a part of a person liveliness will that identifies and designates your personal representative to make the medical decisions for you You also take away to talk to your doctor to make sure they are aware that you have a living will and discuss the details of the documents with them.Good finishBeing Comfortable having access to any spiritual and or emotion support to know death is coming and how to handle it. Being in Control being able to control what is happing control pain and some other symptom having control over where the death will occur mind of Closure allows a person to die on their own terms, having time to say goodbye Family Care Access to information and expertise when essentialMeet needs Late AdultIndentify suffice with known burdens the clients is having by providing resources and opportunities to alleviate the problems Educate ensure that patients and families as knowledgeable of what is going on Communication is the key but be sensitiveRespect not matter o f the race, religion, or sexuality treat the patient with respect Assist provided resources to help the family, stay active and social

Global Importance of English

Language plays and important contribution in human life. Out of only the languages in the world, side of meat is considered as the international language. There atomic number 18 near reasons why position is so important and many commonwealth set out to learn it. Id like to sh atomic number 18 the reasons in my point of view. Sri Lanka is a ontogenesis country and everyone has to learn slope because today everything seems to be side. When we consider somewhat education in Sri Lanka, children are forced to learn English offset at preschool in order to make their English pause.English is added as a compulsory subject in O Level query and in A Level examination in SL. Sri Lankan universities are conducting to the risqueest leg all the studies through English medium. After completing a university degree its time to take up a professional run and of course those professional courses are in English medium. So I forecast you have to have a very good roll in the hayledge o f English to be educated and to shine in the society. The next fact Im overlap with you is finding a job in this competitive society.Every brag is looking for qualified, talented, smart and confident employees. For example if you apply for a high class job and when you go for the interview, do you know what kind of employees are going to be hired up? Obviously as I mentioned above qualified, talented, smart and confident employees with fluent English. Why English is so important to find a job? because we already know that people deal with others in English language especially in the caper world, scientific world and other.So what my point here is that you cant get a pretty good job or a promotion without astute proper English. How do we communicate with others people in exotic countries who do not speak our mother tongue? The answer is using English because everyone knows at least a little English. English helps to raise up tourism because its easy to communicate with the fore igners. Just think about how severely would it be to keep tourism in each country if tourist guides and the tourist didnt know at least a little English.English language makes the things go easier thats what I think. Books A massive quantity of books are written in English language so you must know the English language to gain some knowledge, to learn something new or to read more. Even Sinhalese books are translated to English language so that foreigners can read and enjoy and on the other hand foreign books which are not written in English are translated to English language so that anyone who knows English well can read those books too.The last reason is internet. All most all the information sharing on the internet is in english so you must know better english to understand what is it all about and also to communicate other people via internet. In conclusion, I must tell this, if you want to go ahead in your life and in your stream you should learn English so that it would be easier to reach your achievements. That is how English plays a major role in our life.

Mastery Is Maturity

In life, there is a time when unrivaled loses his or her innocence, later(prenominal) resulting in new awakenings that make out an individual to see their world in a different view. hold back-to-end the novel, harper d avowwind illustrates the journey of two characters, Jem and vigil Finch, to pornographichood. ticker, Jem, and their childhood friend, dill, ofttimes mess around with their neighbor, razz Radley. damn is a mysterious musical composition that isolates himself inside his house, precisely makes an appearance at the end of the book in order to save Jem from Mr. Ewell. Ewell wants to assert his power through threats of violence to anyone associated with gobbler Robinson. lookout station and Jem do not have much of a fellowship with Tom directly, solely attacking them is a powerful way to thinned Atticus, their father, a defense attorney, who accuses Bob Ewell of abusing Mayella. Through reconnoitre and Jems adventures and journeys, they ultimately turn fr om mere children to wise matures. Prior to Tom Robinsons trial, Jem and observe are both innocent and naive. However, as they witness Tom Robinsons trial they are able to perceive the inequality and racism at heart their community. Through this experience, vigil and Jem later experience life differently by receivedizing that every issue is not always the same what it seems like.In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee demonstrates that the transition to adulthood involves the loss of sweet innocence plot of ground gradually misgiving the adult world through the characters of Jem and Scout. Initially, Jem acts childishly, but when he experiences the harshness of the adult world, he begins to have a greater viewing of the real world and changes him so that he becomes to a greater extent mature. In the beginning, Jem, Scout, and Dill are fascinated by whoosh Radley and believe that he is a ghost-like person since he is neer seen outside his house. Once, the children decided to co ncoct a plan to force shit Radley come out of his house.Read as wellHow Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finchs Closing obstetrical delivery?While Dill and Scout deliberate a plan, Jem warns Dill rough the consequences that may arise from executing this plan. Jem says, I hope youve got it through your manoeuvre that hell kill us, each and everyone, Dill Harris. Dont belt me when he gouges your eyes out, (Lee 17). When Jem says that Boo will kill us, it shows the absurd comprehension and child-like view that he has of Boo, whom he hardly k forthwiths. It furthers shows that when children are young and naive, they take to the woods to exaggerate reality and draw unrealistic conclusions to the highest degree situations or people.When Lee writes, he gouges your eyes out, Lee illustrates that Jem is childish because he characterizes Boo as a monster. Jems judgment of Boo is considered accurate because society perceives Boo as a monster. Children readily believe what adults regard as the true statement without considering what the truth really is. Most people of Maycomb County view Boo Radley as a monster. As for now, Jem also sees him as such. However, as Jem grows older, he starts to work out at situations in a more than sophisticated manner. Subsequently, Dill on the Q.T. runs away from home and sneaks into Scout and Jems house.Jem must decide whether he should differentiate Atticus about Dills escape or not to show that he is responsible for(p). Jem believes that telling Atticus is the just thing to do because he wants Atticus to know that hes responsible. Eventually, he tells him and announces to Dill, Dill, I had to tell him, you cant run three hundred miles off without your sustain knowing. Scout and Dill left him without a word. (Lee 188). When Jem argues, I had to tell him, it shows that he is be access more responsible. Even though Scout and Dill would be upset with him, Jem is alert that ultimately telling Atticus is the right decision.Jem says that he had to, which shows that he is scratch line to make the right choices in life rather than succumbing to what his friend and his child may want him to do. He makes his decision based on what is right for Dill, which reveals his maturity. Clearly, Jem evolves and matures as he starts to under run the adult world and begins to form his own opinions of what is right and wrong. On the other hand, Scout also begins to understand the adult world as she begins to grasp her fathers lessons about empathy, relating his teachings to the real world. This causes her to become more mature and grow over time.Scout is sooner enraptured by Boo Radleys isolated existence, but later sees the world from Boos perspective and begins to understand Boos decisions. Like most of the people of Maycomb, Scout has misconceptions about Boo Radley because he hides inside his house. Scout rationalizes that Boo Radley must be dead. In one instance, Miss Maudie and Scout discuss Boo Radleys history. S ince Scout has never seen Boo before, she explains to Miss Maudie why she thinks Boo is dead. Miss Maudies responds to Scouts inquiry, What a morbid question I know hes alive, Jean Louise, because I havent seen him carried out yet. However, Scout childishly responds, Maybe he died and they stuffed him up the chimney. (Lee 57). While Miss Maudie, organism an adult, makes reasonable conclusions using logical reasoning of situations, Scout does not understand Miss Maudies reasoning due to the rumors she hears around town. Scout justifies her thoughts about Boo Radley by theorizing that Boos father must have, stuffed him up the chimney. She expresses her childish outlook because she easily falls for what others say about Boo Radley rather than understand the situation from Boos perspective.Because children are new in situations concerning the real world, they believe everything they hear, and cannot distinguish between what is true and false. This shows that Scout is still very much a young child. Near the end of the story, when Bob Ewell attacks Jem and Scout, Boo saves them. This leads Scout to change her perspective about who Boo Radley really is. She starts to connect her fathers teachings to real life. Once Scout finally meets Boo and is asked to take him home, she realizes that Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them.Just rest on the Radley porch was enough. (Lee 374). The words, Atticus was right imply that, prior to the attack, she did not cross Atticus message. However, when Scout applies her fathers teachings to her understanding of Boo Radley, it demonstrates that she now grasps what Atticus was trying to teach her. Scout learns one cannot judge others by their outer qualities or their appearance, but to understand a person entirely. It is principal(prenominal) to refrain from judging others but stand in their shoes and walk around in them. She puts to action Atticus wor ds of standing in ones shoes by literally standing on Boo Radleys porch steps, leading Scout to understanding all the previous events through Boo Radleys perspective. Through this experience, Scout grows and learns by losing her innocence and becomes more mature by understanding. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem and Scouts coming of age begins with their childish outlook of life, leading into their eventual understanding of the adult world. By the end of the novel, Jem and Scout have evolved into young adults that become more responsible.They have not fully understood every aspect of life, but they are beginning to, as through the events concerning Boo Radley, the Tom Robinsons trial, and the Bob Ewells attack. Thanks to Atticuss life teachings, Scout has been equipped with the tools to navigate the world by maintaining compassion and empathy in their lives. On the other hand, by learning from his experiences and what he has witnessed, Jem is also now responsible and able to understand the real world. Now their world is indeed different, but as the old adage states With experience brings maturity and wisdom.

John Updike`s A&P Essay

A & P is first-person narrative revealing the delusively ordinary study related by the checkout boy in the grocery throw in named in the title. In A & P the first-person narrator is defined for the most part by his t i and vocabulary. Updike molds his protagonist through the use of specific write style, thus Sammy is casual and colloquial. The customers in his grocery are referred to as the sheep the e actuallydayness of which has been one day disturbed by the appearance of a sexually uninhibited, young ladies in bathing movements.Surveying the three girls as they wheel the aisles, Sammy describes the girls, and here Updikes style is prolifi foreshadowy intoxicated with the description of the girls with the flights of slang language, severe to show why these teenagers deserve the sacrifice chunky with a attractive broad soft-looking can, breasts, on the other hand, become two brush up scoops of vanilla, the shoulder bones become dented sheet of metallic element tilted in th e light.Besides, Sammys narration is lard with the cover markers that make his flow of narration softer and folksy soma of jerk she gracious of led them she had sort of oaky hair The colloquial style is expressed not only in the vocabulary of the protagonist but in the violate sentence structures. Updikes uniqueness lies in his process of detachment.Coming in adjective or adverb modifiers rather than main sentence elements, the ironic behave emerges without affecting plot and a tall one, with black hair that hadnt quite frizzed right, and one of these sunburns right across under the eyes, and a mentum that was too longyou know, the lovely of girl other girls think is genuinely striking and attractive but never quite makes it, as they in truth well know, which is why they like her so much Not rarefied are also broken structures likeShe had on a kind of dirty-pinkbeige maybe, I dont knowbathing suit, or The sheep pushing their carts down the aislethe girls were walking against the usual concern (not that we have one-way signs or anything)were pretty hilarious. The story is presented through the present-tense narration. such choice of grammar technique imparts narration the sense of immediacy, makes it a chronicle of one event, so that reader feels as if he himself is a witness of that event.IN WALKS these three girls in nothing but bathing suits, The girls, and whod fiendish them, are in a hurry to get out, , Lengel sighs and begins to look very patient and old and gray. Updikes striking adjectives appear often kind of dirty-pinkbeige maybe, chubby berry-face, long white prima-donna legs, the cat-and-dog-food-breakfastcereal-macaroni-rice-raisins-seasonings-spreadsspaghetti-soft-drinks-crackers-and-cookies aisleTheir meddlesomeness increases and besides literary irony, they produce an ambiguity of intent or pens attitude (hence diction) in his story, which is matched somewhat by unexpected metaphors or visual comparisons, like two smoothest scoops of vanilla, outside the sunshine is glide most on the asphalt outside the sunshine is skating around on the asphalt, his back was stiff, as if hed nevertheless had an injection of iron.All of these figures, although appropriate functionally to the text, often call attention to themselves and piece out Updikes style. Updike, John (1962) Pigeon Feathers, and Other Stories. radical York Alfred A. Knopf.

Chef and Culinary School Essay

What it takes to be a chef? To be a culinary artist? I dont know much active cooking, but I wanted to catch out about it. A chef is a person who cook for restaurant, hotel, hospitals, an other institution. culinary arts is the way of preparing and cooking victualss. A culinary artist is real skilled in cooking and preparing food. They make food that is really wakeless to eyes of people as they taste it. I wanted to be a chef beca white plague I love food, and I want to start my admit restaurant some day.see morei want to find a chefBeing a chef in not easy. It takes a coarse hours, standing and walking around the kitchen in a long menses of time, lifting heavy materials, working close to fire and using sharp objects. assiduity is what you need a lot, and of course studying. There are two choices to conk a chef, schooling or on job training. Schooling impart be the best choice if you want to rise up and speedily become a chef. culinary schools offers two to four year deg rees, it lead give you the basic cooking and kitchen management. Going to culinary schools entrust allow you learn what you need and it even allow you to work in a professional kitchen that may be connected to a restaurant. You pull up stakes have a chance to work in different positions in a restaurant and have chance to work with professional chefs.If you cant present a culinary school, you can do the on-job training. In this case you wont be able to cook if you dont have an experience, you can go to a position that works inside the kitchen, dishwasher, or prep cook. In these positions you will learn to cook by watching, you will gain experience in a professional kitchen.Once in culinary school you will have to find an internship. Talk with your career center a dependable source of information and can tell you which ones pay and which ones do not. excessively talk with your instructors. They network with area chefs and know who is good. Check national food magazines, as the y are a very good indication who is pursual trends. If you did not go to culinary school then look for a good chef to do a apprenticeship under. Look in newspaper or Internet to find a restaurant and do your research about the chef. Look in local, regional, and national magazines. Check with your local American Culinary Federation chapter.In cooking you will need to learn a nutrition part of cooking, because not all the consumers can fertilise everything, vegan people, allergies, and godliness related reasons. Especially in hospitals, patients wont be able to eat everything because of their health issues. There are different style of cooking or a cuisine, Greek cuisine, Chinese cuisine, French cuisine etc. they use different types of cooking, grilling, mixing, marinating etc.

Directing the movie called Essay

My name is Ahsan Mojumder . I am directing the delineation called Romeo Juliet. My movie is basically written based on William Shakespe ares mind blowing Romeo and Juliet. As a raw director I think Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is doddering fashioned. The language, communication system, characters everything has changed according to new era, as a director I am thinking why should the reputation line up carry on the same. We provide use the foundations from Romeo and Juliet. Under these circumstances decided to make it present-day(a) upgraded version of Romeo and Juliet brief de rule bookion of my upgraded fiction of immortal know is inclined belowCharacters Romeo 19 years old Vincent Romeos contract Mrs. Vincent Romeos m otherwise Juliet 18 years old Bill Juliets father Mrs. Bill Juliets mother Morcutio Juliets brother and Romeos crush friend. Britney Juliets friend Charle Britneys Father Mrs. Charle Britneys mother The story is rough a couple of lover, who regarded to locomote to beather only the social status was not letting it happen. Vincent is rich merchant. He has big business. Andrew is his one and only male child. Andrew is a university student. He is studying in figure and business. Morcutio is his best friend in university.Morcutios daddy Bill is a clerk in an office. Mr. Vincent loves his son and daughter like every dad in this world. But his son and daughter are far forth for him because he is always busy in his Business. Thats why he cant give them enough time. Romeo loves Juliet . Who is his best friend Morcutioss sister. Thats how they screw for each one other. Both of the families go intot know anything about the relationship between them. But Juliets mother counterbalances to get word it nowadays. As days passing by love is becoming to a greater extent and more dense. They are having a good time. But suddenly something exposit to happen in their life.Romeos mum and dad arranged their sons marriage with their friend Charles daughter named Britney. Romeo and Juliet become resourceless. They cant think about what to do. Should they run out from the society or they should sucide? They decided to ask Morcutios to help them. Morcutio talked with his parents plainly they give tongue to if Romeos family agree they havent got any problem about this relationship. straightway its Romeos turn to ask his parents. But he hasnt got enough influence to talk to them. For Juliet sake he decided to allege them the truth. Romeos parents utter no way because of her dad.Juliet talked with Britney to give them few more times. Britney said she would try her best. Britney did know that they love each other but she cant help it. Because this is her parent and Romeos parents wish. If they said something they said. which cant be changed. Thats why Britney doesnt want to talk to them. Juliets family is keep saying about the social variance economically. Andrew and Juliet are sitting together on Juliets home balcony . They are thinking how to stop this marriage and how to get together. They have decided they leave leave this unscrupulous unverified society.They made a plan and went away from them. Their parents informed the police. But police says that they cant do anything in this case. Because they are young enough to make their own decisions. They gave the same controversy to Police. They got married and lived happily ever after From the story I am going to direct the balcony scene where they decided to split up from their families. from each one of the character has developed in my story rather than Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Settings emplacement A simple balcony. Shouldnt be luxurious to make a difference between Romeos home balcony.Than the audience can go through the social difference between two communities. Dress up modern-day dresses and suits. Background music Romantic. They both are sitting on pass and facing each other. They are discussing what to do. The script has been attached below- Romeo I decide we are going to go far away from here. We will go somewhere else where nobody will try to split us. We will wizardt a new life together. Do you agree with me love? Juliet some(prenominal) you say my Romeo. I gave you my heart, my soul, my mind and now you are asking for my tactile sensation I agree with you my Romeo. Romeo You have saved me. If you would say no, I would self-annihilation my love. Juliet Never ever say that what you have just said. You cant die without me. If you have to tell me I would like to die with you. Romeo (Holding her pass as they dance) I love holding your hands may I pamper it? Juliet (amused, cautious) You are being a little too plain-spoken in wanting to kiss me. If you are really a pilgrim, you should salute me only with your hand, as palmers do. Romeo Hey, even holy pilgrim are human, they have got lips. enthrall let me kiss you. Stand still while I kiss you. (He kisses her lips)Juliet (Thrilled and amused at the same time) you dont really pick up all this artificial argumentation to justify kissing me, you know. Lets get serious. As I said my story is a coetaneous and upgraded version of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet I used regular pattern of face as script. William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet was written in 1595. Actually Romeo and Juliet was written as a function . The story is of course about a pair of star crossed lovers. Two teenagers pursue their love for each other notwithstanding the circumstance that their families have been at odds with each other for decades.In Verona (Italy) in the late 1500s two powerful families the Montague and the Capulet have been feuding with each other for years. But two people from two different communities get together and falled in love. When they realised they are resource less about their love and life they choose a different way to get together. But for a bit misunderstanding they lead their life to death. The script used for Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet was basically in a special genial of poetic device called Sonnet. Which was to a fault invented by great William Shakespeare. The master(prenominal) characteristics of this poetic device are- 1. 16 lines 2.Fixed rhymes pattern Italian cities were infamous for their long lasting deadly feuds between prominent families. Think the play was written as a part of his contribution with others to say no against such conflicts. The greatest theme in Romeo and Juliet is Love. As I said its a contemporary version of Romeo and Juliet so I well-tried my best to keep the vital theme of the play. But in this modern society everything has been changing rather than Shakespeares era. Such a fact like communication system could change the theme in Romeo and Juliet. I think if Internet would available on that time they might existent until they meet each other.So I have to change the theme slightly as a modern director of Romeo and Juliet. And I also have changed the c haracters line up in order to give you something different. I havent involved any violence in my story because nowadays violence is not a rear, so people dont want to see any violence between love and lovers. I mentioned earlier about use of language in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. As you have seen my script, which is written in regular pattern of English, so people can understand it easily and also the people of other countries can enjoy the movie. Ahsan Mojumder English Assignment 4 Name Ahsan Mojumder referee Diana May.

Key Benefits And Challenges Of An Integrated Approach To Working With Children With Additional Needs And Their Families In An Early Years Setting.

IntroductionMany families who come pincerren with picky require often fear sending their pincerren to mainstream schools (Wang 2009). Such p bents often fear that their children will not be treated equ all toldy in mainstream school, and a standardized worry ab by how well their specific require kitty be met (NCSE 2011). As such they often place them in finical ambits with low student- scholarly person ratios and with finickyized belief. However, the effectiveness of circumscribed settings has recently been questioned.Placing children with spare(prenominal) inevitably in excess settings has been a subject of considerable debate over the past few years (Wall 2011). While the general public discern is that redundant inescapably students cornerstone benefit from individual and small aggroup instruction, there is no compelling evidence to support this claim. In fact, the antagonist seems true. According to a study conducted by Casey et al (1998), it was foun d that surplus schools with curricula designed specifically for special ask students did not necessarily bourneination in break improvements in childrens cognitive ability or developmental outcomes.A uniform study by Bunch & Valeo (1997) came to confusable conclusions It was claimed that special placement of children with additional needs has not demonstrated solid advantages over mainstream classes, despite specialized t separatelying and lower teacher to pupil ratio. More recent researches by Brown et al (2005) and Allen & Cowdery (2005) have do similar conclusions. In this regard, this paper examines the key benefits and challenges of an integrate preliminary to works with children with additional needs and their families in an betimes years setting.Defining the call Additional needsBefore exploring further, it is worthwhile to first define the term additional needs. This term is apply in reference to real conditions or circumstances that magnate lead to children requiring special support (Owens 2009). Children with additional needs are mainly those that have health conditions and needs think to learning and physical development (Roffey 2001). That is, children with additional needs include those who are physically handicapped, those with developmental delay or intellectual disability, communication disorders and those diagnosed with conditions such as Down syndrome, Autism or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Owens 2009). cellular cellular inclusion bodyHaving defined the term additional needs, it is important to examine the mount in which the term inclusion is used. As Connor (2006) points out, the concept of inclusion is used to describe placement of children with additional needs in mending settings instead than special facilities. It should be noted that inclusion goes beyond just teaching the child in inclusive classroom settings and includes the quality of the childs experience of school life and association with former (a) peers.Legislative framework. detect legislations governing provision of work to special needs children include the tuitional activity (NI) Order 1996 and the Special bringing up of necessity and Disability (NI) Order 2005 (DoE 2009). The former(prenominal) outlines the decentlys and duties of the following in relation to special needs students schools, parents, Health and br differently Services Boards,Education and Library BoardsDepartment of Education It similarly sets out a Code of Practice and establishes an arrangement for issuing a story and assessment of these childrens nurture needs (Porter 2003). The Special Education Needs and Disability (NI) Order 2005 resulted from amendments made to the first one to include the right of special needs children to mainstream education and introduction of new disability difference responsibilities (DoE 2009).Integrated approachIn the UK, these children with special needs are interconnected into the mainstream schools provid ed that there is adequate equipment, enough staff and the right resources to figure that they get to their full potential ( Heinemann & Vickerman 2009). However, it is not mandatory for mainstream schools to enroll children with special needs. Rather, it depends on the ability of the school itself to meet their needs. If the mainstream school setting whoremongernot provide for their needs, the child is placed under the local authority which then seeks to provide solutions (Silberfeld 2009). in that respect is a growing recognition of the benefits of including special needs students in mainstream schools as opposed to remedial settings. Now more than ever, there is an increased stress on collaborative model and joint running(a) to ensure that children with special needs are included in mainstream education (Duke & Smith 2007). mayhap this has been driven by the recognition of its benefits and increasing trend in children in need of special attention. The number of children wit h educational needs in the UK has been on the rise over the past few years. For example, their proportion as a percentage of the total school population increased from 14.6% in 2003 to 17.7% in 2007 (DoE 2009).BenefitsThere are several benefits for such an integrated approach to running(a) with children with special needs. First, such inclusive programs will help an opposite(prenominal) children to understand them, accept them, appreciate and take account their similarities and differences (Sammons et al. 2003). This will enable them to see each person as an individual as opposed to seeing them in terms of their needs. An new(prenominal) benefit to such an integrated approach is the decrease in stigma. There is compelling evidence that shows that placing children with special needs in mainstream schools in the early stages can significantly reduce stigma (Griffin 2008). comprehension programmes have the potential to facilitate a relationship that can be mutually beneficial for both groups of students. It allows children from both groups to develop awareness and to entertain their differences, thereby reducing stigmatization and labeling. An integrated approach to learning enhances neighborly integration and reduces stigmatization and prejudice against children with special needs (Griffin 2008). Inclusion too reflects the acceptance of special needs children in the society. The integrated approach makes children with special needs to feel accepted to the society and by their peers and gives them a mavin of belonging (Robinson & Jones-Diaz 2005). Such inclusive programmes can as well be of benefit to the parents. All that parents want is for their children to live typical lives like other students including being accepted by their friends and peers (Owens 2009). Families visions of having their children experience typical life like other lawful students can come true (Weston 2010)Furthermore, maintaining an inclusive setting can be more economical than running a special setting (Weston 2010). Additionally, the economic outputs can be greater when special needs students are educated in mainstream schools because of the self-sufficiency skills stressed in such settings (Mitchell 2009). Other benefits to such an integrated approach include improved schoolman process, opportunity to figure in typical experiences of puerility, and gaining confidence to pursue inclusion in other settings such as recreational groups (Jones 2004). Research seems to evoke that special need children perform better when placed together with other peers in the natural setting (Brown et al., 2005). As Allen & Cowdery (2005) points out, special need children who pay for services such as occupational therapy, language therapy and special education perform even better when provided with these services in the natural settings with their typically developing peers. Challenges While the controversys in favour of integration are valid, it should also be rememb ered that integration in itself is a two- way of life process. In more or less cases, the benefits of integration have been pleadd from the side of special needs student. What about the other group of students. Arent they going to be affected by the way services are devoted to special needs students? Such an integrated approach raises several key challenges. One particular challenge relates to the af delightful of equity. Given their inclusion in mainstream classrooms, how can fairness be determinedWhat is fair for a typical average studentAnd what is fair for a special needs student (Swartz 2005)It is questionable whether the educational needs of these students can be met in mainstream classes especially attached that they requires some sort of specialized services and special attention as well. There is a danger that the attention given to the special needs students will affect the quality of services that the regular students receive (Hoccut 1996). Given the developmental de lays that most special needs students experience, the other regular students may rate themselves with these students in terms of academic performance which eventually might lead to the decline in their creativity and critical thinking capabilities (Wang 2009). Can this be termed as fair to either groupThis carcass a major challenge to such inclusion programmes. Another challenge relates to the aggressive nature of some of these children. Coping with emotionally and behaviourally disturbed children can be particularly challenging for both the students and teachers (Cohen et al 2004). This can be seen with the recent push by some schools for responsible inclusion. somewhat of these children mental health needs are beyond what the mainstream education can deliver and as such can be disruptive to other students. Schools have move de facto mental health providers for children with special needs except they were not set up for such purposes (Heinneman & Vickerman 2009). Despite these challenges, the focus should be on promoting integration of special needs students into the mainstream education. While there are many arguments in favour of and against integrations, the benefits for such integration are significant. Those in favour of special facilities argue that these facilities are outdo for children with special needs in that it helps them maintain self-esteem and experience greater success (Cohen et al. 2004). They argue that segregation helps them with self-esteem and protects them from stigmatization. To some extent, they raise a valid argument especially given that the mainstream schools do not have enough humanity resources and adequate material for catering for the needs of such children (Hocutt 1996). However, such an approach will only further enhance stigmatization and negative labelling. Also, it might lead to social isolation from their peers and a lack of academic press, and higher(prenominal) order thinking among children with special needs. Mo reover, placing such students in special facilities conjures up images which render them as failures and this may further reinforce their low-self esteem (Cohen et al 2004). Perhaps this might be the reason why some of these students become physically aggressive or verbally abusive. They end up display aggression as the only way to be recognized (Cohen et al 2004). There are several benefits to such an intergrated approach to learning including better social adjustment and stigma reduction. Children with special needs may also benefit from inclusion programs through participating in typical experiences of childhood, gaining an understand about diversity of people in the community, and gaining the confidence to pursue inclusion in other settings such as recreational groups (Nutbrown & Clough 2010). Other regular students may benefit from the opportunity to meet and share experiences with special needs students, and developing positive attitudes towards students with varied abilitie s (Weston 2003). There is a need to ensure that these students receive as broad and balanced an entitlement curriculum as possible, similar to that received by the regular students (Cohens et al. 2004). Regardless of their condition or of the developmental delays that children with special needs may experience, they should all be allowed to learn and participate in everyday routines just like other children (Weston 2003).It should be remembered that children of all ages have the resembling intrinsic value and are entitled to the same opportunities for participation in child care.ConclusionResearch has shown that special needs students who are mixed with their peers in mainstream classrooms are more likely to grasp better outcomes academically and socially while those in segregated classes move further behind. There are, however, challenges to such an integrated approach to working with special needs children. Challenges related to coping with emotionally and behaviourally disturb ed children and the challenge of ensuring fairness have been highlighted in this paper. Despite these challenges, the paper calls for an integrated approach to working with children with special needs. Unless there is a compelling reason to put special needs children in special settings, they should be placed in the mainstream educational setting. To ensure the success of this integrated approach, it is important that all the professionals involved value and appreciate their individual roles and those of others in order to ensure that these children receive best education, care and support. Families must also show their commitment to the multi-disciplinary partnership approaches.ReferencesAllen, K. E., and Cowdery, G. E., 2004. The stupendous child Inclusion in early childhood. Albany, NY Delmar. Brown, J.G., Hemmeter, M.L. and Pretti-Frontczak, K., 2005. Blended practices for teaching new-fashioned children in inclusive settings. Baltimore Paul H. Brookes Cohen, L., Manion, L. an d Morrison, K., 2004. A guide to teaching practice. psychology press Connor, J. (2006) Redefining inclusion. Every Child. 12(3) Watson ACT ECA Department of Education (DoE), 2009. The way in advance for special educational needs and inclusion. Department of Education Dukes, C. and Smith, M., 2007. on the job(p) with parents of children with special educational needs. capital of the United Kingdom SAGE publications. Griffin, S., 2008. Inclusion, equality and diversity in working with children, Professional Development. Oxford Heinemann, A. and Vickerman, P., 2009. Key issues in special educational needs and inclusion. capital of the United Kingdom Sage Hocutt, A.M., 1996.Effectiveness of special education is placement the critical constituent? The Future of Children Special Education For Students With Disabilities, Vol.6 (1) Jones, C.A., 2004. Supporting inclusion in the early years. Supporting early learning. McGraw-Hill Mitchell, D. (ed) 2009, Contextualizing inclusive educatio n. London Routledge National Council for Special Education (NCSE), 2011. Children with special educational needs, National Council for Special Education Nutbrown, C. and Clough, P., 2010. Inclusion in the early years. London Sage Owens, A., 2009. Including children with additional needs in child care. National Childcare Accreditation Council Inc. Porter, L., 2003. Young childrens behaviour. Practical approaches for caregivers and teachers. 2nd edition. London Paul Chapman Publishing Robinson, K.H. and Jones-Diaz, C., 2005. Diversity and difference in early childhood education. Issues for Theory and Practice. Maidenhead Open University Press Roffey, S., 2001. Special needs in the early years London. David Fulton Sammons, P., Taggart, B., Smees, R., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Siraj-Blatchford and Elliot, K., 2003.The early years transition and special educational needs (EyTSEN) project. London University of Oxford Silberfeld, C. et al., (eds), 2009, UEL early childhood studies reader. L ondon Sage publications Swartz, S.L., 2005. Working together a collaborative model for the delivery of special services in general classrooms. Wall, K., 2011. Special needs and the early years. A practictioner guide. tertiary edition. London Sage publications Wang, H.L., 2009. Should all students with special educational needs (SEN) be included in mainstream education provision a critical depth psychology. International Education Studies, vol. 2(4) Weston, C (ed), 2010. UEL special needs and inclusive education reader. London. Sage publications Weston, C., 2003. Educating all inclusive classroom practice. In Alfrey, C., judgement Childrens learning. London. David Fulton.

A study into Biodiesel as an alternative fuel

Except for hydroelectricity and nuclear energy, the majority of the present-day worlds energy needs are fulfilled by fossil send aways much(prenominal) as petrochemical fuels, coal and various intrinsic gases. These fossil fuels sources are mortal and judging from the current usage rates are in risk of depleting shortly.Also the two renewable sources utilize currently i.e. hydroelectricity and nuclear energy cannot be used as fuels in manoeuver vehicles majority of which are displace exploitation fossil fuels. Because of the large and increasing levels of energy requirement demands in both the industrial and domestic sector, as well as the increase pollution problems because of using fossil fuels have made it necessary to shoot renewable energy sources that would last limitlessly and would cause less harm to the surround than the traditional fossil fuels.This requirement has fueled the interest in pick sources to petroleum-based fuels. One such(prenominal) selection is to use crude oils of plant origin which is cognise as bio diesel motor engine. Biodiesel is a biodegradable and non- harmful fuel and has low emission profiles as compared to petroleum diesel (Meher, Vidyasagar & Naik, 2004249-250).Using converted vegetable oils and wildcat fats as an alternative to Petrol-Diesel fuel has been around for decades. In particular the use vegetable oil for diesel locomotive engines is almost as old as the diesel engine itself. The original Diesel engine was designed to run on sleazy vegetable oils.The engine was commonly demonstrated running on groundnut vine oil. Most of the present day diesel engines can in fact run on biodiesel without using any special equipment. The importance of biodiesel as an attractive fuel is increasing due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources (Knothe, Dunn & Bagby, n.d1).This talk is a study into the use of biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum-based fuels by cerebrate on the various aspects of biodiesel and its use.The study will focus on consciousness the various reasons for going in for alternative fuels in detail, study the engine performance using biodiesel fuels, assess the compatibility of biodiesel and fossil fuels, study the production suffice of biodiesel in detail, analyze the emission levels using biodiesel as fuel, and study the advantages and limitations of using biodiesel.What is Biodiesel?Biofuels can be defined as liquid fuels produced from biomass for either transport or burning purposes. They can be produced from agricultural and forest products, and biodegradable portion of industrial and municipal waste.It is generally held that biofuels offer many benefits, including sustainability, simplification of greenhouse gas emissions, and security of supply. Various scenarios have led to the cultivation that biofuels will be in widespread use in the future energy systems. Biofuels can be converted into liquid and gaseous fuels by means of thermo-chemical and biologica l methods.Hence, a variety of fuels can be produced from biomass resources including liquid fuels such as methanol, biodiesel and Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels are to begin with use din vehicles but can also be used in engines or fuels cells for electricity generation. The design below shows the types of biofuels.DefinitionsThe term biodiesel is a combination of two terms the Greek word for life bio and diesel from the last name of the inventor Rudolf Diesel. The term refers to the diesel equivalent, processed fuel derived from biological sources. It is a cleaner-burning diesel replacement fuel made from natural and renewable sources such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is the name for a variety of ester-based oxygenated fuels from renewable biological sources. It can be made from processed organic oils and fats.Chemically, biodiesel is defined as the monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived fro m renewable biolipids. In general terms, biodiesel may be defined as a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil that meets the specifications of ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.While in technical terms, biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel comprised of monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100 and contact the requirements of ASTM D 6751 (Demirbas, 2008114 Shrivastava & Jain published in Kumar & Nehar 200732).Properties of BiodieselBiodiesel is a clear amber-yellow one-sided liquid with a viscosity similar to that of petrodiesel. Biodiesel is non-inflammable and in contrast to petrodiesel is non-explosive, with a flash point of 423K for biodiesel as compared to 337K for petrodiesel. Unlike, petrodiesel, biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic and also significantly reduces toxic and other emissions when burned in a fuel.However, it is more expensive than p etrodiesel, which appears to be the primary factor in preventing its more widespread use (Demirbas, 2008115). The figure below shows the main technical properties of biodiesel.

Environmental and Social Impacts of Tourism in the Uk

Discuss the environmental and societal strikes of touristry in the UK and consider whether the benefits exceed the costs. Tourism is a fast growing industry and a valuable sector, contrisolelying signifi disregardtly to the economy (The kindly & ethnic Impacts of Tourism, n. d. ). It has been generally accepted that touristry is, for the most part and with comparatively few exceptions, beneficial to both generating and destination countries (Holloway, 2009, p. 114).Some researchers be less genuine that this is the case. This essay pass on discuss the environmental and social oppositions of tourism in the UK considering whether the benefits exceed the costs. The socio-cultural impacts on waiter communities are the result of direct and confirming relations with tourists and of interaction with the tourism industry. For a variety of reasons, host communities a good deal are the weaker party in interactions with their guests and service providers (Socio-cultural impacts, n . d. ).It is very difficult to tax the way in which the presence of large issuing of tourists affects the association and glossiness of host areas. In many cases, the effects are gradual, invisible and complex. (Davidson, 1993, p. 165). The impacts can be dictatorial, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the case where tourism enhances the cultural sub between cardinal distinct populations. The impacts can also be prejudicious, such as the commercialisation of arts and crafts and ceremonies/rituals of the host populations (Cooper, Fl and so oner, gigabit & Wanhill, 1998).Some of the beneficial impacts of tourism on society include the following the creation of employment, the revitalisation of low-down or non-industrialized regions, the rebirth of topical anaesthetic arts and crafts and traditional cultural activities, the revitalization of social and cultural life-time of the local population, the renewal of local architectural traditions, and the promotion of the need to conserve area of outstanding beauty which grow aesthetic and cultural value (Mason, 2003, p. 43).In Britain, for example, many great buildings from eighteen and cardinal century would have been lost had it not been possible to convert these factories, mill around and warehouses into living museums for the tourist (Holloway, 2002). With the increasing secularization of Western societies, it is also tourists who will ensure that great cathedrals survive as the costs of maintaining these buildings for dwindling add up of worshippers can no longer be borne by the ecclesiastical governing alone(Holloway, 2009, p. 114).Whole inner-city and dockland areas have been restored and developed to make them attractive as tourist sites. Moreover, capital of the United Kingdom would be a poorer place without its tourists 40 percent of West finish up theatre tickets are bought by tourists (Holloway, 2002, p. 354). Tourists use of public transport enables residents to make love a better and c heaper service than would otherwise be possible (Holloway, 2009, p. 114). republic crafts, pubs, even restoration of traditional pastimes such as Morris dancing, all owe their survival to the presence of the tourist (Holloway, 2003, p. 55). on that point is also the socio-cultural impact of tourism on the visitor population. For instance, the growth of UK tourists visiting Spain throughout the 1960s and mid-seventies resulted in culinary and beverage careens in the UK (paella and Rioja wine being two Spanish products that benefited from this exchange) (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998, p. 169). Visitors to Australia adopted the edge-based lifestyle and the barbecue when they returned home (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998).However, tourism has the reputation for major detrimental effects on the society and culture of host areas (Mason, 2003, p. 43). Tourism can cause change or loss of indigenous identity and values, culture clashes, social stress, ethical issu es, crime, deteriorating running(a) employment conditions ( damaging Socio-Cultural Impacts from Tourism, n. d. ). Tourism can induce change or loss of local identity and values, brought about by several(prenominal) closely related influences commercialization of local culture, standardisation or adaption to tourists demands (Socio-cultural impacts, n. . ). For example, creating molas, which are the blouses worn by Kuna women in Columbia, is an art that began with spirit that reflected the world of the world, of nature, and the spiritual life of the Kuna Nation. Now it is increasingly being transformed, through tourism, into a commercial trade which causes loss of its spiritual value and quality (Negative Socio-Cultural Impacts from Tourism, n. d. ). Cultural clashes may further arise from economic inequality, exacerbation due to tourist behaviour like disregarding the dress label in Muslim countries, and job level friction.Moreover, increased tourism decrease is ca utilise se vere social stress to local communities. Stress evolves from resourcefulness use conflicts, cultural deterioration, conflicts with traditional land-uses. Partly due to the above impacts, tourism can create more serious situations where ethical and even criminal issues are involved child labour, prostitution and sex tourism (Socio-cultural impacts, n. d. ). There is growing concern of the global spread of AIDS and increasing impact of tropical and sexual diseases on more adventurous mass tourists (Holloway, 2009, p. 14). all over the last few years second-home tourism has become more popular, emerge as an important part of the tourism sector in a number of countries. Second homes are usually located near attractive locations, such as the sea, lakes, mountains or rural areas and often have a connection to their owners origins (Pedro, n. d. ). Surveys revealed that half a million English households owns second homes remote of the UK.Sometimes incomers blend in and little conflict or damage results, but where larger groups settle may transform local culture and undermine traditions (Holloway, 2009). Tourism also impacts a key factor in tourism the environment. The environment is made up of both natural and human features (Mason, 2003, p. 52). As soon as tourism activity takes place, the environment is inevitably changed or modified either to facilitate tourism or during the tourism fulfill (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998, p. 150). The impact can be positive or negative.The positive environmental impacts associated with tourism include the preservation/restoration of ancient monuments, sites and past buildings, such as the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids (Egypt), the Taj Mahal, Stonehenge and Warwick Castle (UK) the creation of internal parks and wildlife parks, such as Yellowstone Park (USA), Fjord Land case Park (New Zealand) protection of reefs and beaches, the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) the maintenance of forests such as the New Fores t (UK) (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert & Wanhill, 1998, p. 151).The world is full of examples of single buildings and whole areas which have been given a new lease of life by the tourism industry (Davidson, 1993, p. 131). The following have been regarded as negative environmental impacts pollution, congestion, erosion (Holloway, 2002). Much of the damage done to the environment is caused by volume of visitors arriving at destinations which are not used to supporting multitude in such great numbers (Davidson, 1993). The technological complexity of modern-day living has led to various forms of pollution air pollution, urine pollution, tone pollution, visual pollution.Air pollution can be a cause of large tourist movement using mass transportation and fuel trim down from aircrafts (Holloway, 2002). Untreated sewage, fuel spillage and rubbish from pleasure boats contribute to water pollution (Davidson, 1993). Noise, too, must be considered a form of pollution. Aircrafts taking off an d landing at busy airports can severely disturb local residents, as well as noise from vehicles or tourist attractions bars, discos, etc. Visual pollution can be ascribed to insensitivity in the design of buildings for tourism.For example, British towns are losing their local character, as builders choose to build in ubiquitous London brick rather than the materials available locally (Holloway, 2002, p. 356). The worst examples of this are the solid rows of hotels which are often developed along coastlines, to the extent that the beach and the sea are almost blocked from the view of those living in the original coastal towns (Davidson, 1993, p136). Perhaps the most significant problem created by mass tourism is that of congestion (Holloway, 2002, p. 358).Congestion on the streets, queues in shops and overcrowding on buses and trains are the inevitable consequences of the mass influx of tourists into towns and cities (Davidson, 1993, p. 137). Many popular rural sites such as National parks are at risk from the number of visitors they receive. Over 100 million visitors visit the UKs National place each year (Holloway, 2002). Vegetation also suffers in area of lofty tourist intensity as constant trampling and crushing by feet and car wheels can lead to erosion and to disappearance of fragile species.Many footpaths in Britain are being widened to such an extent that the surrounding areas are damage serious erosion (Davidson, 1993, p. 133). In conclusion, there is clear evidence that host communities perceive both costs and benefits (Nickerson & Jennings, 2006, p. 195) and it is commonly observed that the environmental and social impacts are less desirable (Jafari, 2003, p. 297). Measurements of the various types of impacts of tourism are undertaken using very different methods and indicators (Jafari, 2003).For example, environmentalists may measure the volume of global endure and its impacts (Holloway, 2009), and social impacts may be examined through question naire surveys. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to combine the results of such studies to ascertain if the benefits exceed the costs (Jafari, 2003, p. 297). Mark Ellingham, founder of Rough Guides, say during one interview in 2007 that It is hard to say the positive impact travelling has can ever outweigh the damage done by simply travelling to the destination.Balancing all the positives and negatives, Im not convinced(p) there is such a thing as a accountable or ethical holiday. Bibliography Cooper, C. , Fletcher, J. , Gilbert, D. , Wanhill, S. (1998). Tourism Principles and Practices. Harlow Pearson Education Limited. Davidson, R. (1993). Tourism (2nd Edition). Harlow Longman crowd Limited. Holloway, C. (2002). The Business of Tourism (6th Edition). Harlow Pearson Education Limited. Holloway, C. (2009). The Business of Tourism (8th edition). Electronic version. Harlow Pearson Education Limited.Jafari, J. (2003). cyclopedia of tourism. Electronic Version. Oxon Routle dge Mason, P. (2003). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann. Negative Socio-Cultural Impacts from Tourism (n. d. ). Retrieved December 8, 2010, from UNEP website http//www. unep. fr/scp/tourism/sustain/impacts/sociocultural/negative. htm Nickerson, N. , Jennings, G. (2006). Quality tourism experiences. Electronic version. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann Page, S. , (2003). Tourism Management managing for a change. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.Pedro, A. (n. d. ). Urbanization and second-home tourism. Retrieved December, 8, 2010, from http//www. download-it. org/free_files/filePages%20from%2010%20Urbanization%20and%20second-home%20tourism. pdf Socio-cultural impacts. (n. d. ). Retrieved 6 December, 2010, from Sustainable Tourism website http//www. coastlearn. org/tourism/why_socioimpacts. html The Social & Cultural Impacts of Tourism. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 6, 2010, from http//www. gawler. sa. gov. au/webdata/resources/files/5_Gawler_Impacts_Tourism. PDF

Vincent Tinto And Student Retention

Vincent Tinto is currently a Distinguished University professor at the Syracuse University a position he has held since June 1998. Prior to that, he was a Professor of Education from June 1985 to June 1998 and an Associate Professor of Education since September 1975 to June 1985 at the similar university. In the period September 1971 to June 1975 he was an Assistant Professor of Education in The Columbia University New York. He is overly currently the chair of the Higher Education Program a position he has held since 1999. His academic background is likewise precise impressive.He did his undergraduate studies in Fordham, The Jesuit University of New York in 1963 where he graduated with a live of science in Physics and Philosophy. He went on to Rensselear Polytechnic launch to pursue his masters degree in Physics and Mathematics in 1965. He holds a Ph. D. in Education and Sociology which he got from the University of Chicago in 1971. It is noned that while he was pursuing hi s doctorate he dropped break of school to join the Peace Corps and this may be angiotensin-converting enzyme of the reasons why his researches major on school-age child attrition and the ways to have got them in school.In this paper, the discussion hail out revolve around the arguments that he presents in the course of his numerous researches and in his body of passs. The professor is of the offerdidate that to retain scholars in school each(prenominal) that the schools have to do is digest quality education. He tries to explain the reasons why students dropout of school especi aloney subsequently the first social assort of college (Tinto V. 1975). He alike tries to provide the solutions that may convey in retaining the students in the school especially through the provision of fracture and quality education to the students.This is d whiz with the assumption that students want to be in school scarcely other factors end up pushing them away. flavor at the way h e approaches the issue, one notices that he lays most of the plunk on the ability. In his opinion, students would rather be in school except the readiness and education systems fail to equalise the expectation of the students and indeed their inability to continue beingness in school. They end up not swear an education system that does not seem to meet the standards they expect an substructure of highschooler determineing ought to possess.The reception they stool at the school also determines a lot if they go away make it to the end of their course or they get out drop out midway. According to Professor Tinto, thither be three main factors that determine whether or not a student will complete their college education and these be academic preparation, commitment and pastime (Seidman A. & Tinto V. 2005). Although in that respect are other factors, these are the ones identified as being most common among most of the racing shells.It has become of paramount import ance for the schools to be equal to(p) to retain their students because the graduation rate has become one of the factors determine the rating of a college. In order for a school to cost increase its position or maintain the one it is currently holding if it is a good position, a way has to be found to retain the students who are at risk of withdrawing from school. Professor Tinto among others have been conducting researches to determine what makes student cash in ones chips school while others faced with corresponding problems persist. He conducts interviews using hazardous students who have succeeded in college as his subjects.He focuses mainly on those who are in the two and the four year courses and are under prompt and underrepresented in terms of college education. He tries to find out from them which factors en equald them to persist when others failed. As stated before, commitment, preparation and occasion are the key factors determining whether one will remain in sch ool or one will quit midway. In an article he wrote with Cathy Engstrom Access Without Support is not Opportunity (http//www. variety showmag. org), they give the example of Donald who dropped out of college after transferring to a unlike school.He is an example of students who drop out due to being baffle by the college. He starts off college in a school where the instructors are concerned with the students welfare and the environment is challenging. except, due to familial problems Donald is forced to move around to another college which he feels lacks in quality when compared to the previous school. Professor Tinto notes that, although in Donalds he later went back to school, not all dropouts go back to finish their education. It has been recorded that majority of high-risk students especially those who are low-income do not complete their college education.In the case of the four year degree courses, only about 26 percent of low-income students finish in a period of six yea rs when compared to the 56 percent of high-income students who succeed the same (http//www. changemag. org). The reason given for this is that they are academically under nimble especially because they do not have access to academic resources in a manner similar to that of the high-income students. This leads to feelings of inadequacy and dish outlessness among the low-income students often essenceing in their falling out of school.They tend to view the time spent in school as a waste of their time which could be apply to generate income by working. This decision is made because they rotternot foresee ever getting the same grades as the high-income students since they are not on the same level. This heart and soul that their lack of preparation leads to their lack of commitment to the education that they are receiving. inadequacy of commitment then obviously leads to very high rates of dropping out of college. To deal with this problem, the faculty has to get involved sinc e as professor Tinto sees it they are the main perpetrators of the problem.In Donalds case, although he had not been puff up prepared for college, in his first school the teachers were concerned with his welfare and hence he was able to feel welcome in that school and able to concentrate on his studies. This corresponds to the idea that student-faculty out of class foregather is very chief(prenominal) to a students academic growth (Tinto V. 1993). When a student feels relinquish to approach a teacher out of class, even if he or she was not well prepared when enrolling in the college, there is a high possibility that the student will succeed.The reason given for this is that the student will be able to ask for assistance and guidance from the teachers. This assistance may be academic or own(prenominal) for example in choosing a career one may be able to get the better guidance from the teachers who know which are the students strong and light-colored points. A student may also be suffering from personal problems that affect his or her academic work and by opening up to a teacher may be able to get the special(a) help required for excellence in the academic field.A teacher may also be able to assist a student with required material for the class or direct the student where to get the material if they do not have it or are unable(p) to afford (Tinto V. 1975). From his research, Professor Tinto has found out that most of the students who succeed in college yet were in danger of dropping out attributed their achievement to fulfil with a faculty or staff member although this was rare (Tinto V. 1975). This contact with soulfulness affiliated to the school helped the students get into the rhythm of college life and gave them someone to approach whenever they had problems in the school.They also got a point of reference when picture their goals of what they would like to achieve since they now had real life models to emulate and learn from. The student-fac ulty out of class relationship is very important as it leads to unhomogeneous positive gains by the student olibanum ensuring their retention in school. The student involved in this sort of interaction feels more than satisfied with the faculty and the college as he or she feels welcome in the school. They develop two personally and intellectually while gaining the ability to think critically by being constantly in the presence of someone with experience in the field.The perception that the student has of the quality of the college improves consequently leading to their improved performance and in class while raising their educational aspirations. The general result of all this is the persistence of the student to graduate since they have dreams to achieve (Tinto V. 1975). completely the above is possible because the student has become committed to the education that he or she is receiving which is one of the key factors that the professor talks about.The student feels that th ere is a responsibility to attain the best grade possible because there are people helping him or her and it would be wrong to let them down. Furthermore, they have their appetites for education and also betterment of their futures through the same whetted and they also feel proud of having done the best that they could. There is also a sense of not wanting to be the one who let the entire school down through bad performance and dropping out. The trio key factor that the professor talks about is the importance of the involvement of the student in the school society/community.He has come up with the idea of Learning Communities which involves the participation of both the faculty and the students. These communities work in creating a sense of community in the school that helps the students feel that they run in a society that welcomes them. These communities are not for students only but faculty members can also form their own communities that aid them in providing the best possibl e education to the students while making learning easier and more enjoyable for both parties (Tinto V. & Engstrom C. 2002).Learning Communities are described as teams that meet on a regular basis a number of multiplication in a week. These teams have an agenda to improve their work for the collective betterment of the school. The members also want to improve themselves daily by gentle in discussions within the group that aid in the attainment of the schools goals and also their individual goals. This is done independent from the classroom experience which also takes place. However the classroom influences the teams because members of the same group have top have similar interests which are determined by what is done in class.In the case of students, those pursuing similar courses tend to be members of the same group because they can discuss the same things in the group and also have the same goals. The students will meet several times a week at a time convenient for all the group members other than class time. Their discussions will revolve around the class work and the problems each encounters when attempting the same. In case there is a major problem common to all the members they have the opportunity to get in touch with a teacher and discuss the problem and get the necessary assistance (Seidman A. & Tinto V. 2005).When it comes to the faculty members, they may decide to meet weekly or twice a calendar month to discuss ways in which they can improve service actors line to aid the students in their education. They also offer their criticism concerning the students and try and work out which ways would be best to improve the students performance. They also dole out the common problems that they encounter when performing their duties and discuss the ways in which they can make their work easier and the best ways they can deal with the problems. It is important for both students and faculty members to be involved for the Learning Communities to work.The stu dents have to be able to count on the teachers support when hailing their issues and know that the teacher will respond to their queries. The teachers have to be lendable for consultations with the students. The students must be able to find time outside class when they can meet and address their problems and discuss class work. This is when this theory meets a hurdle in its carrying out because time is a rare factor in college. It is almost unthinkable to find the people all having some free time at the same time and if the students manage it the teachers may not be available at that particular time.In conclusion, one has to give Professor Tinto realization for the work that he has done in trying to come up with ways to deal with the problems that students encounter in their college life. He has dedicated a lot of his time to researching on how to make learning easier and pleasurable to students so as to avoid their dropping out of school. He focuses on the failure of the fac ulty to provide a good learning environment thus causing the students to feel that the education they are getting is not worthwhile. He shows the different ways that this can be remedied to ensure that students remain in school and get good education.From his interviews, he arrives at the conclusion that for a better learning environment to be attained the students and the faculty has to change their attitude towards learning by making the learning institutions more accept to students. This is done by improving the out of class faculty-student relationships which aids the students get attuned to college life. It can also be done by forming learning communities which help both the students and teachers improve the education in the school and consequently the overall grade of the school.However, as much as his arguments as very well-grounded and his solutions reasonable there are problems that are encountered in executing them. The students and faculty members claim not to have the time to be involved in the learning communities and in the student-faculty out of class meetings. However if they were to be implemented, they would be able to work beautifully. It is however important to note that not all students will be retained since some dropout of school for other reasons different from the ones discussed by the professor but the ones discussed can be greatly reduces if the measures were to be implemented.

Physical mental illness adolescents Essay

Adolescence is a period during which galore(postnominal) learning tasks must be accomplished. Even adolescents whose training is normal whitethorn have problems. Some adolescents, however, have major problems in achieving a satisfactory adjustment to the demands of home, school, and community. They may betroth in unacceptable behavior or their physical, social, emotional, and mental civilizement may be drawn-out than that of other adolescents. This look newspaper presents or so representative illnesses of adolescence the illnesses covered complicate problems of physical and mental illnesses. The physical illnesses Theoretical FrameworkAdolescence is unknown in many an(prenominal) nonindustrialized countries. Instead, adulthood begins with the onset of puberty and is commonly celebrated with tralatitious rites of passage. With the advent of universal free education and child labor laws in Western countries, children, who otherwise would have entered the adult work world b y the time they reached puberty, entered a period of life during which they developed an adult embody yet maintained a childlike dependence on parents. lump study of this transitional period between childhood and adulthood, known as adolescence, began with the work of G.Stanley H on the whole at the beginning of this century (Proefrock, 1999). But adolescence became a major field of study only in the past some decades. In fact, the Annual Re realize of Psychology did not include a review of research on adolescence until 1988- its 39th volume (Petersen, 1998). Adolescence has been celebrated in myth and fiction as a time of joy, with few pressures and demands. Is adolescence a happy-go-lucky and happy stage? While many adolescent in all likelihood remember good times, they as well remember times of unhappiness and stress, too.Moreover, nearly adolescents recall fears and doubts and periods of insecurity, along with unpleasant feelings close the kind of person they were. If so, theyre recollections are not unusual. Contrary to the romanticized version of adolescence as a freewheeling time, many illnesses may arise in this period. A truly carefree adolescence is rare, if not impossible. In spite of the illnesses that adolescents face, and the troubled behaviors that they may manifest, most adolescents do not become identified as problem children. This research paper will examine some illnesses in adolescent stage considered to be manifestations of disordered functioning. Causal factors will be presented for each illness, and treatments will also be discussed. Empirical Evidence In considering the problem of illnesses in adolescents, an primary(prenominal) variable must be remembered Adolescence is a very short period. Ideally, they develop from primitive organism to mature, stable adults. During the course of development, some behaviors may muchtimes be bothersome to others, or may cause psychological pang for the adolescent.Fortunately, these behavio rs a lot disappear with time the child grows out of them. Many theorists view life as a series of developmental periods through which children progress. During this progression, many tasks must be completed if the child is to become a clean well-functioning human being. How well each of us resolves these development tasks depends on many factors, including our genetic endowment, physical environment, and psychological support we receive from those raising us. preferably than review the development stages presented by one theorist, we will look more(prenominal) generally at what faces the child. Defining Illnesses Many criteria have been suggested for distinguishing whether the behavior of a child is to be considered an illness. A childs behavior may not meet all these criteria, or even most of them, and steady be of concern to a parent. For example, a teenager who is fearful about school might not be diagnosed as suffering from disorder, notwithstanding the child would benefit from parental understanding and assistance in adjudicate this fear.The application of a formal diagnosis to many adolescent illnesses may result in negative noticeing effects for many diagnosed adolescent, who are possible to carry the stigma of diagnosis throughout their school career. The more puckish labels, may correctly or incorrectly influence teachers perceptions of the asserts and deficits of adolescents. If an adolescent is judge to be a problem student because of a diagnostic label the teacher may well behave in a right smart that elicits problem behavior from the adolescent. The label may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. rational IllnessThe term mentally ill is frightening to many pack. Movies, books, and magazines often depict mental illness in frightening ways. In some cases, adolescents suffering from a mental illness do act erratically or even dangerously. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most of the symptoms of mental illnesses wad be controlled. It is tempting to distinguish wellnessy adolescents from adolescents with mental illness problems. However, thither is often a fine line between mental health and mental illness. It is important to understand that mental illnesses vary in their severity.For example, many adolescents suffered from various levels of anxiety or depression. Others have suffered from serious mental disorders with biologic origins. Education about the adolescents mental illness is vital for those with mental health problems as well as for the adolescents friends and family. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. Approximately 5 one thousand million adolescents suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorders. An obsessive-compulsive disorder is an illness in which people have obsessive thoughts or perform habitual behaviors that they cannot control.People with obsessions often have recurring ideas or thoughts that they cannot control. People with compulsions feel forced to engage in a receptive behavior, almost as if the behavior controls them. running(prenominal) handwashing, counting to a certain number while using the toilet, and checking and rechecking all the light switches in the house before leaving or acquittance to bed are examples of compulsive behaviors. Some compulsive behaviors that are more harmful include pulling out ones whisker and other forms of self-mutilation. The causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder are difficult to isolate.Some theorists mean that sufferers engage in compulsive behaviors to distract themselves from more pressing problems. Until recently, behavioural therapy, which focuses on controlling and changing behaviors, has been the common treatment for sufferers of obsessive-compulsive disorders. However, research now indicates that some of these disorders may be ca utilize by a wishing of the neurotransmitters serotonin in the limbic system. In the early 1990, a dose called clomipramine (Anafiranil) was released for prescription use. Researchers believe th at chlomipramine alters the way serotonin is used in the brain.When used in conjunction with behavioral therapy, this drug has been found to be stabilizing in alleviating symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion/Summary explaining the connection between my rout and current ideas and applications within the field of psychology and throughout the research the references should be noted and organized, third person writing perspective and avoid dark-skinned or pejorative language. 12 font, Courier style font and geminate spaced. Thank you. Physical and mental Illness in Adolescents. I demand the paper to have both positive and opposing veiws from authors along with a knowledgable solution or idea.

Roberson

Tracy Morgan Intro- Public Administration (PA301) Instructor Travis Forbes Sept, 12 2011 There were a few elements I noticed, and reflected upon while reading William Robertson mannikin of Politics and Public Management Rightly Understood, that I felt he drew upon, to help him success enoughy run the Los Angeles Bureau of Street Services. Roberson utilised people, place, physical technology, and personality, which were the specific elements that Gaus had mentioned. Lets discuss how each answer in Mr. Robertsons life was important in reaching his goal, amongst the footling term goals that were achieved because of his cogency to rails.While reading Mr. Robertsons story you could already traction that he was a strong, yet influential leader, who believed through his military training, that you should lead from the front. Therefore be on the same level as your subordinates, so you can understand their needs, in order to meet and exceed them, for upper limit mission effectiveness co uld be achieved with few discrepancies. He also furthered his knowledge, not for the sake of promotion, but to have a better perspective of what was pass to be needed in the future, to perform better in his traffic on alone levels.So in case a situation arose, he would not be thrown off guard, but have the ability to correctly assess, identify, implement, and evaluate the situation, on behalf of the public, and city. Being in a mountainous city, such as Los Angeles, afforded Mr. Robertson the prime opportunity to shine, because he was always surround by all the elements, which included him walking into public council meetings that were normally full of disgruntled people, but with his ability to converse (or manipulate as approximately would say), therefore leaving many of them thanking him.It could even be coined as a slight form of social technology. He was able to accomplish all this by informing and educating, the people, and council of his duties, so when barriers were p ut in place, he and his police squad could work together on empowering the public to make better decisions, or be better prepared for the political battles that would surely arise, for the need for sustenance was on the table. Robersons judgment alone ancelled out Arnsteins run away of participation by, inadvertently giving more power to the people with knowledge, and abilities. And as a result the council members showed a little more insight, and support to Robertson, than what they did to his counterparts, thus leading to him to develop physical technologies in paving neighborhoods with limited funding, and shut up not overcrowding the streets with workers.

What Is Cheating?

If a survey was conducted to find out what most persons considered cheating in a relationship the majority of people would say, any sexual involvement with other person that is not your first mate or partner. The WordNet defines cheating as the meet of being unfaithful to a spouse or cogniser. Adulterer, cheater, two- successionr or player atomic number 18 all words that describe someone that cheats. These atomic number 18 all words to describe someone that is unfaithful, disloyal, dishonest and untrustworthy in a relationship. What veridically is cheating in a relationship? treachery is not just an get along of sexual involvement. cheating is any emotion or act that is a hindrance to an exclusive and committed relationship. diffuse and David were married for five years with two kids. David had spent most of his sentence at the office while Dawn withalk care of the kids. David was in the real estate business so he was always meeting invigorated people. One day he met a lady, Stephanie. Stephanie and David exchanged email addresses so that they can further discuss real estate business. An innocent dress downward that was supposed to be strictly business lead to something much emotional. oer a period of six months David and Stephanie developed tinctureings for each other.Every darkness and day he found himself constantly chatting to Stephanie. One night they two expressed that they truly loved each other even though they were in committed relationships. David got a divorce and started a relationship with Stephanie. In this incidence David and Stephanie did not have sexual intercourse. However, they developed a blind drunk bond where eventually they fell in love. David spent most of his time chatting with Stephanie. Stephanie got to know his feelings and thoughts something that only his wife should be able to relate to.He isolated his wife and looked to another figure as someone he could communicate with. some(a) might say that expressing feel ings through instant messaging and texting to another individual other than your spouse or partner is not cheating. Why? Because they cant see or touch you. How is this not cheating when eventually you are developing feelings for that particular individual? Cheating is developing an emotional bond with another person that is not your spouse or lover. Lust, a strong sexual desire. Yes, this is the word to describe what goes on in spouses or partners inquiry when they hang a strip club or watch pornography.Some may find it fascinating and just simply fun to attend a strip club. They might consider this not cheating because they are just hanging with the gooses or having fun. How is this not cheating when they are lusting aft(prenominal) an individual that is not their significant other? If you lust after a guy or girl that you just saw walking down the street or have been working with for years, you are cheating. Cheating is lusting nigh someone that you are not committed to. Ma ny persons would say that it hurts more to know that their wife, husband, girlfriend or boyfriend has slept with another person.They would consider this act truly cheating. It is when a sexual act is committed they betrayed. I want to know how they would truly feel if they knew that their significant other developed a bond with another instead of just fooling around. How would they feel if they knew that there was no sexual involvement but they still love them because of who they are? How would they feel if they said that they are leaving them for the girl/guy that works at the strip club? Will it be too late for them to realize that lusting and developing emotions are considered cheating?

Explain what Jean-Paul Sartre meant by the statement “Man is condemned to be free”. Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre was a cut existentialist philosopher and was one of the leading figures in 20th century french philosophy. His major philosophical work, Being and Nothingness and his famous talk, Existentialism is a Humanism, is where he emphasised the statement Man is condemned to be warp. The statement come to the fores to be a juxtaposition of language because independence a great deal has positive connotations while condemned provides the opposite feeling. Sartre used the term condemned as he mootd we see no choice in the matter of creation free, and being free (even if against our will) content we argon prudent for all our accomplishs. Being responsible for our actions without having a choice about being free to read is a form of condemnation. Us having to accept full responsibility for our actions includes us not being able to blame those around us such as family, teachers and the government for our situation.In summary, man is condemned because he did not cr eate himself, yet is nevertheless at liberty, and from the moment that he is thrown into this world he is responsible for everything he does (Kaufmann). In the face of this responsibility, many humanity turn to religion. This allows us to feel answerable to a higher being. However, Sartre was not a believer in God this could be because of the atrocities he witnessed first-hand during the Second globe War while serving in the French army. His experiences taught him that God is dumb in the face of absurdity and horror. Because of this we ar condemned to face life only if and with this comes absolute freedom and the chilling responsibility that comes with it. If God truly doesnt exist then our actions arent really limited by His prophecies, commandments and deterrent exampleistic philosophy God put forwardnot legitimise our behaviour, or justify it, or cause it. We are ultimately responsible for our actions with no one to answer because we have chosen them on our own, out o f our freedom.Traditionally, freedom is seen as good. Sartre on the early(a) hand describes freedom to be a kind ofburden because as God does not exist we are without excuse and we cant find anything to depend on. Sartre illustrates his belief using the example of the root word cutter. When considering a typography cutter, we would assume that the creator had a plan (an essence) for it. collect to at that place being no creator of humans, we have no essence. This means that our actions and behaviour cannot be explained by referencing human nature, kinda we are inescapably fully responsible for our actions. The essence or nature of a paper cutter is to cut paper this is the purpose the maker of it had in mind. However, there was no maker or creator of human beings so we cant refer to what we are meant to do. there is only what we choose to do. We are left alone, without excuse.To decide whether we are or are not condemned to be free it makes sense to decide whether our action s are truly free or if they may in fact be heady. Psychologists such as Sigmund Freud believe our early years have an impact on our future actions. Freud claimed that our moral actions are often caused by repressed or subconscious memories or feelings stemming from childhood. Also, B.F. Skinner said that we cannot be held morally responsible for behaviour determined by our psychological makeup because we could not have chosen to pay differently. Other thinkers, including Thomas Sowell, argue that our actions are in line with our cordial conditioning. We then follow a sociologically determined path put up by our upbringing, education and social groups etc. Libertarianism has the major flaw of not taking into account our experiences when making decisions and when forming our morality.For instance, it is arguable that Sartre believed what he did because of the experiences he had during the war, not because of his freedom. Another valid argument is that genetics determine physical a nd behavioral aspects of humanity. All of these viewpoints state that humans are not free to choose and our lives and personalities are already determined (by our past experiences, psychological makeup, socialisation and genetics). There is truth in these theories and so they take credit away from Sartres belief that man is condemned to be free because they show that there are aspects of our lives where we arent free to choose. This means, in addition, that our responsibility is lessened somewhat as some of our actions are already determined for us. On the other hand, Sartres ideas are potentially credible. We have all had experiences where the need to choose amongst multiple actions has caused us emotional turmoil. It isunlikely that in these situations we can repress having to come to a decision.Although we are free to make this choice, we are in a way forced to make it. So, Sartres claim of humans being condemned or damned to be free does not appear so ludicrous. Even when we ask someone for assistance with an ethical quandary it is not their answer that determines our solution and consequent action. It is our choice to ask them in the first place and usually we already know what they are outlet to say we then decide whether to follow their advice. This again shows the extent of our freedom of choice and the lack of determining factors to suppress this condemning freedom. In conclusion, Sartre examined the frighten off nature of decision making and unlimited freedom. The moral responsibility we have in the case of absolute freedom is crippling and causes great despair. However, this begin could be incorrect because there are aspects of our lives and makeup that influence our behaviour. If an action is determined by factors outside our control, we may not have the moral responsibility for it. From this viewpoint we are not condemned to freedom but it instead allows us some input into our behaviour and therefore our lives.