Types of Planning

INTRODUCTION Besides organizing, controlling and leading, preparation is one of the focusing functions. Good provision is crucial to en equal to(p) an nerve to function effectively. supplying is done for two purposes, firstly as a protection to the organization and secondly to increase the affirmative levels of an organization according to C. W. Roney (Certo, 2000). As a protection to the organization, a manager can forecast the effects from from individually one of the suggestions or alternative actions that will be carried out. whence managers will be able to ensure what needs to be done, how to carry out the actions, why it has to be done, when to do it, who should implement it with proper think. And it is done to increase the affirmative levels of an organization. correspond to Fayol The plan of action is, at one and the same time, the result envisaged, the overseas telegram of action to be followed, the stages to go through, and the methods to theatrical role. It is a kind of future look wherein proximate events are outlined with some distinctness.Planning is deciding in lift what is to be done. It involves the selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programs from among alternatives. A plan is a predetermined line of reasoning of action to achieve a specified goal. It is a statement of objectives to be achieved by certain means in the future. In short, it is a outline for action. Louis A Allen Management formulation involves the development of forecasts, objectives, policies, programs procedures, schedules and budgets. Theo Haimann Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done.When a manager plans, he projects a argumentation of action, for the future, attempting to achieve a consistent, co-ordinated structure of operations aimed at the desired results. Koontz ODonnell Planning is an intellectual attend, the conscious determination of courses of action, the basing of decisions on purpose, acts and considered estimates. .TY PES OF PLANNING concord to Dessler (2001) there are three main types of planning which are planning based on inningat, organization hierarchy and frequency of use. PLANNING found ON FORMATDescriptive planning is a planning written in the form of statements that state what needs to be achieved and how it is achievable for spokesperson, planning of an individuals career. Budgeting is plan that stated quantitatively by using pecuniary terms. artistic production planning is a planning that explains what needs to be achieved and how to achieve it in the form of charts. For example Gantt chart, it illustrates the time period required in entrap to implement an activity in the form of bar chart. PLANNING ground ON ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY There are three levels in an organization exit focussing, middle management, lower management.Top management (strategic plan) Strategic planning focuses on bulky-term issues for the survival, growth, and overall effectiveness of the organizati on. Companies need to be visionary, and moldiness develop ample-term strategies to meet changing conditions in their industries. Strategic planning involves developing a strategy to meet competition and ensure long-term survival and growth. The merchandising function plays an important role in this process in that to provides information and other inputs to help in the preparation of the organizations strategic plan long term plan. Middle management (tactical plan)Tactical planning focuses their goals on a shorter time frame, usually ranging from one calendar month to one year. Middle managers give authority and responsibility to team leadership or supervisors, after that they provide direction, necessary resources, and feedback on dressance as tasks are completed. Usually they need more detailed information than top managers, but less information than team leaders and supervisors. They also use business support systems, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems to perform their jobs. Lower management ( operable plan) Lower management carries out day-to-dayoperational plans.Operational employees primarily receive data that they need to perform their jobs day to day. In many companies, operational employees also need information to handle tasks and catch decisions that were assigned to supervisors which is calledempowerment, and gives employees more responsibility and accountability. PLANNING BASED ON frequency OF USE One time usage planning is a planning that is only used once. Specially prepared to fulfill specific purposes. For example the organization may open more than one branch, but each plan made only applicable to the specific branch only.Because it fork out different resources like money, manpower, customers distribution, size of the branch surface area etc. Standing plan is a planning that is repeatedly used. employ to manage situations that frequently arise in an organization such as employees disciplinary problems. Standing plans have three types which are policy, procedure and regulations. i. form _or_ system of government Principles or general guidelines to manage situations. ii. Procedure Actions or process that mustiness be taken if a certain situation arises. iii. Regulations Specific guidelines when pickings an action. WORKPLACE HISTORYMalaysia airway System Berhad is doing business as Malaysia Airlines since its inception as anindependent airlinein 1987. Proudly running as the national-flag immune letter carrier of Malaysia from main home base of Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) with secondary hubs at Kuching and Kota Kinabalu on the second island of the Malaysian state. With a concentration of network on both regional as well as international sectors, MAS has get along to be known as world renowned airlines well as a local favorite along with its subsidiary, MAS Wings, because of staff hospitality and its marketing campaigns.It has been understood that there are various issues a nd opportunities that are being approach to MAS. Some of these are an overstaffing problem involving more than twenty-thousand employees all over the world. other one, being incurred net divergencees of RM 479 million by the third the skinny of 2011 and at the end of the fourth quarter the airline had incurred a loss of RM 2524 million, indicating a substantial decrease from a profit of RM 234 million in the previous year. Malaysia Airlines Vision is to be the Preferred Premium Carrier by using A380 as the flagship product.To support the vision, Malaysia Airlines mission is to be the best-in-class, top 10 commercially viable airline in the Asia Pacific region that returns sustainable profits to the shareholders. Business plan updated June 2012 RECOVERY PLAN (TOP MANAGEMENT) BUILD A PROFITABLE NETWORK Malaysia Airlines will realign the network based on demand and profitability result in the termination of MAS highly trifling routes to South Africa and Argentina and its only dest ination in Latin America.Other long hauls routes that unprofitable will also be eliminated MAS will deploy aircraft optimally to suit mission and for cost effectiveness. WIN BACK CUSTOMERS Malaysia Airlines will solely revamp the commercial team to improve performance and redirect examination gross sales and distribution channels. MAS plans to win or gain back its premium long hauls passengers through changing its carriers. A phase-out of MAS ageing widebody aircraft will be act and simultaneously new passenger facilities will be introduced.By the end of 2013 the carrier will be operating only three types of modern widebody aircraft A330-300s, B777-200ERs and A380s. Then MAS will put in place best-in-class revenue management to relate corporate travel business and revamp our internet booking engine. MAS will enhancing our marketing and branding efforts and grow ancillary revenues. RELENTLESS COST concentre Malaysia Airlines will radically improve productivity and efficiency b y increase aircraft utilization. Then MAS will streamline assets and resources across group. After that MAS will review and revamp legacy rocesses and work practices and reduce reliance on 3rdparty and in source jobs where possible. Lastly overhaul the procurement and contracting practices, and review vivacious contracts for greater cost savings. BRIDGE THE FUNDING GAP The funding prison-breaking that must be bridged given the aircraft deliveries of 2012. This bridge has five pillars of support 1. affirmatory operating cash flow 2. New debt and leasing arrangements 3. Working capital promote via the return of pre-delivery payment deposits 4. Proceeds from potential spin-offs 5. Unwavering support of our shareholdersGAME CHANGERS (MIDDLE MANAGEMENT) i. get hold of regional point-to-point traffic * Deepen and optimize regional & domestic help networks * Shift focus to point-to-point traffic markets * Optimize traffic hubs in KLIA, PEN, KCH, BKI ii. adhesiveness and partnersh ips * Enter one world for greater market access, connecting traffic flows, and seamless frequent flyer arrangements * Explore collaboration and joint venture opportunities to get down new markets and consolidate market position while reducing the financial risks of participating individually. iii. Profitable ancillary businesses Build a profitable portfolio of ancillary businesses around the core airline FOUNDATION (OPERATIONAL PLAN) i. Branded customer suffer Improve product quality, including business class product offering in to match best in market and radically improve work levels at all customer service touch points also prepare and build on service delivery differentiation. ii. Continuous operational good Continuously improve processes and work practices by simplify work steps. consume legacy practices by reduce bureaucracy. Inject innovation in figure out issues and problems. iii. Winning organizationReview organization design and manpower requirements. Improve talen t and term planning. Revamp work rules to increase productivity. Reinforce performance based remuneration and rewards. Rally staff through active engagement & communication. extension phone Dessler, (2011, 12). Malaysia Airline Business Plan. Retrieved 03, 2013, from http//malaysiaairlines. com/content/dam/mas/master/en/pdf/corporate-info/Malaysia%20Airlines%20Business%20Plan. pdf Unknown, (2013, 06). Malaysia Airline Report. Retrieved 03, 2013, from http//www. scribd. com/doc/97200708/Malaysia-Airline-Report