The Resilience of Nature Against Industrialisation in The Pigeon by Richard Church - Literature Essay Samples

The poem, ‘The Pigeon’ by Richard Church metaphorically explore themes of nature and beauty against destruction and industrialisation of the modern world. The pigeon is a metaphor for nature and wildlife and the concrete mixer represents industrialisation that is made possible by the workmen, the human race stood as a warning or symbol of the possible destruction and deception of industrialization The poem begins, ‘Throb, throb from the mixer / Spewing out concrete’, The repetition of ‘throb’ gives the idea of time passing and describes this on going action that will not stop – a ‘throb’ is a steady, on going pulse like the beating of our heart, an action that is essential to our survival, this could allude to our reliance on man made objects and developments and also how we are constantly polluting the world, without any plan to stop. The verb, ‘spewing’ connotes uncontrolled release of concrete implying we are out of control of our expansion on earth and can’t limit how fast and how much we destroy the world anymore because we have become so reliant on industry. The sounds are a prominent part of the poem they help build the character of both the pigeon and the cement mixer. The cement mixer is described with quite aggressive strong sounds such as, ‘throb’, ‘hiss’, ‘clatter.â₠¬â„¢ This suggests that our destruction of the planet is forceful and violent, also using a verb such as ‘hiss’ personifies the cement mixer suggesting the power of it, but also implying connotations of a snake, which are that of evilness and betrayal, here Church could even be suggesting that what humans are doing to the planet is evil and that they are turning their backs on nature and betraying the planet that allows them to live. This in turn helps the reader to empathize with nature as a whole and to understand the impact of what they are doing. As the third stanza reads, ‘the crowd stands by/ watching the smoothers.’ Here, Church is referring to the workmen as ‘smoothers’ this contrasts to earlier where they were described as ‘serpent-warders’ When he writes ‘smoothers’ he is describing the application of concrete, he says that the ‘crowd stands by’ alluding to the fact that society in standing by letting our planet become concrete and be destructed, because this is inevitably a small compromise for what we expect in life – pavements, roads, electricity. As long as we cant see the destruction – all we see is smooth pavements and running water, we stand by and let it happen. This is why to us; the workmen appear just as ‘smoothers’ rather than the ‘serpent-warders’ they really are, slowly covering the ground because that is all we want to see. Church criticizes our passive attitude towards industrialisation by describing the destruction of the planet and its affect on nature. Church states ‘see how those curdled lakes/ glisten in the sky.’ Here the concrete is described metaphorically as a ‘curdled lake.’ The verb ‘curdled’ suggests a lumpy and separated state; this could imply that the concrete is ugly and unsightly. Then it is described as a lake, this could suggest its expansion is like that of a lake, uncontrolled and fathoming, this contradiction could also imply the differences between the two – concrete is hard and ugly whereas lakes are beautiful and natural, they are complete opposites from their states of matter to their function of being. Church goes even further to describe the concrete lake as ‘glistening under the sky’ this extends the metaphor of the lake even further, it could also be alluding to the deceptiveness of the concrete. Church is saying that we don’t really understand what is happening to the planet and everything that is ugly about industrialisation is covered up so that we can live a nice life, but he is highlighting that this is all an illusion and that under the glistening lake is cold hard concrete. The pigeon, ‘flutters down to bathe its wings in that mirage of water.’ There is a clear contrast between the verbs used to describe the cement mixer and the pigeon, the cement mixer is described using much more violent and destructive verbs such as ‘stab’ ‘spew’ whereas the pigeon is described with verbs such as, ‘flutter’ and ‘bathe’ these suggest the gentleness and fragility of the pigeons and therefore of nature, it isn’t obstructive or harmful. The noun ‘ mirage’ is an optical illusion of water; the bird has been tricked into thinking that the concrete is water. This is an example of how helpless nature is against us, it is even reflected in the structure, in this stanza the reader know that the water is just a mirage but the bird doesn’t, this shows how we as humans know and understand what is happening to our world but are letting it happen anyway. This leaves the bird feeling ‘de ceived’ this anthromorphism allows Church to establish an empathetic relationship between the reader and the bird, where we feel a sense of guilt at what we are doing to an otherwise helpless nature. In the concrete, ‘the seal of its concrete foot, set till rocks crumble.’ The pigeon has accidentally landed in the concrete whilst it is still drying. The noun ‘seal’ is a personal and original mark; it is also the final mark that closes something. The concrete will be set with this seal of the bird’s footprint until it is destroyed. This comparison is effective as it compares the original beautiful footprint of a bird to something as common and reproducible as concrete. The small footprint on the concrete is a visual reminder to us that we need to stop what we are doing. It suggests that nature and wildlife is trapped into the destructive cycle we have entered. Overall, Church plays on the metaphor of a pigeon and a cement mixer to help the reader understand the relationship between humans and nature in modern society. He criticises our passive attitudes towards issues such as climate change and industrialization and plays on ethos to build empathy towards nature, through the story within the poem of the pigeon being deceived by the concrete. Church leaves us with a warning to change our ways through a visual image of the birds footprint left in the stone.

The Debate Over Nozick s Experiment Thought Machine

I. Introduction In what may seem a harsh generalization, I would like to begin by considering the likelihood that a Christian would commit suicide? On first inclination we know that they would not because they perceive suicide to be a sin. Even with a less nuanced version we know that in spite of the belief of heaven and a perfect afterlife there has not been a wide scale mass extinction of Christians any time lately. In asking a person this it is more than likely that they would likely they were being played a joke on. My point is to say, in a sense, this is similar to why we see time and time again philosophers in debate over Nozick’s experiment thought machine. We see philosophers like Nozick advocate that a life plugged into the machine is not in fact a life at all, and that if people were to be given the option to stay plugged into this machine that provided them endless bliss they still would not take it. If the question of why would a person not chose to plug into the experience machin e is not clear, I once again bring up the idea of a Christian committing suicide, which may people may find incredulous. Why is it that it would be incredulous for a Christian to chose to live another life of more happiness, yet it would not be so for someone to plug into Nozick’s own experience thought machine? If Nozick’s experience machine ultimately offers happiness through a chosen series of experiences and the gist/selling point of heaven is that there everything you would wantShow MoreRelatedGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pagesthe theoretical understanding of games is presented as relevant to the analysis of economic behavior. However seductive it may seem, this saga is nonetheless deceptive. To look a little closer, the bonds that connect Von Neumann’s mathematical thought to economic theory are more fragile, and partially contingent. The applicability of strategic games, in the sense of the 1928 article, is obviously not limited to the domain of economics. The connection between the minimax theorem and the saddle

Time by Allen Curnow - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 563 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Poem Essay Did you like this example? TIME Allen Curnow Allen Curnow is New Zealands most important poet. He believed in living literature. He once said, You cant write literature, you  cant paint art. First published in 1977, ‘Time’ reflects nature and life in New Zealand. Some of his poetry tried to explore ‘the private and unanswerable. ’ This is one such poem.. Here Time speaks for itself. Thus the poem is times autobiography. The first four stanzas contain random images of time, and time is everywhere. In the first stanza, time is  in the northwest monsoon blowing through the pine forests. It is dynamic like the racing water, and static like the unused rails on which trains do not run. It is also static like the mileage written on boards that have yellowed with time. Thus time keeps others moving towards their destinations, although  static itself in the form of a mileage board. In the second stanza, Time is the dust which fills the atmosphere. It is like lupins that grow a long the beach to stop erosion. It is the sums taught by a sole teacher of a rural school, where there is only one class and one teacher, and perhaps one time. It is like the cows about to yield milk and the song of the magpie. The third stanza marks the beginning of work in a clean office  and its hustle and bustle. The smell emanating from the machines at work, indicate time in full swing. Time is compared to a place in the park where lovers meet. In the fourth stanza, time is the timeless music enjoyed by children over the years, or perhaps a familiar refrain that bring back memories of a bygone time. It is the echo of familiar noises in the ear. Even the sawmill represents  time’s activity, and the time conscious driver applies the second gear in a bid to hurry. In the fifth stanza, Curnow compares the first four stanzas to mist. The phrase ‘my mountainous’ is a metaphor and ‘like a mist’ is a simile. All the images in the first four st anzas are like a huge fabric of mist that wraps a mountain, which cannot be contained but melt away like the mist. It cannot be measured or contained. In the 6th stanza, Time lives in our memory, packing into its tiny spaces events of bygone years. It is sharper than our very being. In the final stanza, Curnow presents all aspects of New Zealand life, island, sea, father, farm and friend. All these things work to time. The final line, ‘I am, you have heard it, the Beginning and the End’ seems to encompass an almost Godlike status of Time. It is a bibilical reference to the ‘Alpha and the Omega’ in the Book of Revelations. Although the poem is in the first person, the poet goes back into the past when he speaks of ‘recurrent music’ and ‘willing memory’. I also think he is referring to the future when he says ‘ and the end’ in the final line of the poem. Time is presented as omnipresent. The stanzas which are prese nted in rhyming triplets, are unusual and rich in alliterations. Time is a force, it is all  pervasive and continuous.. In conclusion, we are left to imagine that time can represent whatever each individual desires it to represent. Perhaps Curnow is trying to explore ‘the private and unanswerable’. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Time by Allen Curnow" essay for you Create order

Prepositional Phrases in English Quiz

The Market Structures Of The Village Of Forest Park, Illinois

Introduction When discussing microeconomics, there are several market structures that may have an impact the economy in the Village of Forest Park, Illinois. These market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly have many characteristics and have an impact on the market as a whole. There are many barriers to entry, competitive pressure and price elasticity that also impact the economic growth of the village. Other areas that affect the village’s economy include governmental roles and international trade. Two Characteristics of the Four Market Structures The major market structures that impact our current economy are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly.†¦show more content†¦The opposite of a perfect completion is another market structure called a monopoly. A monopoly is a situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. By definition, monopoly is characterized by an absence of competition, which often results in high prices and inferior products (Investopedia, 2014). A characteristic of this market structure is when there is a single supplier, which carries a unique product, or service, which dominates the entire market. There is a high barrier to entry in a monopolistic market due to other firms being unable to enter the market easily to provide the product or service at a competitive price. A monopolistic competition describes a common market structure in which firms have many competitors or sellers, but each one sells a vaguely distinctive product or service. One of this market structure’s characteristics is that each individual firm makes independent decisions about price and output, based on its product, its market, and its costs of production (Economics Online, 2015). Another characteristic is there is freedom to enter or leave the market, since there are no major barriers to entry or exit. The opposite of this market structure is an oligopoly. Oligopoly means few sellers. Oligopoly is the market structure in which there are only a few firms or a few firms dominate the market (Amacher Pate, 2013). In an oligopolistic market, each seller supplies a large The Market Structures Of The Village Of Forest Park, Illinois Introduction When discussing microeconomics, there are several market structures that may have an impact the economy in the Village of Forest Park, Illinois. These market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly have many characteristics and have an impact on the market as a whole. There are many barriers to entry, competitive pressure and price elasticity that also impact the economic growth of the village. Other areas that affect the village’s economy include governmental roles and international trade. Two Characteristics of the Four Market Structures The major market structures that impact our current economy are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly.†¦show more content†¦A monopolistic competition describes a common market structure in which firms have many competitors or sellers, but each one sells a vaguely distinctive product or service. One of this market structure’s characteristics is that each individual firm makes independent decisions about price and output, based on its product, its market, and its costs of production (Economics Online, 2015). Another characteristic is there is freedom to enter or leave the market, since there are no major barriers to entry or exit. The opposite of this market structure is an oligopoly. Oligopoly means few sellers. Oligopoly is the market structure in which there are only a few firms or a few firms dominate the market (Amacher Pate, 2013). In an oligopolistic market, each seller supplies a large portion of all the products sold in the m arketplace. In addition, because the cost of starting a business in an oligopolistic industry is usually high, the number of firms entering it is low. Local Market Example In the Village of Forest Park, the local electric company, ComEd, has a monopoly over the energy market. While the village residents are able to chose what type of energy they use, whether its coal or wind, each of the energy providers sell their energy to ComEd who then sets the price for its consumers. There are no other energy companies or providers in the city, each person must useShow MoreRelatedThe Market Structures Of The Village Of Forest Park, Illinois1273 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction When discussing microeconomics, there are several market structures that may have an impact the economy in the Village of Forest Park, Illinois. These market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly have many characteristics and have an impact on the market as a whole. There are many barriers to entry, competitive pressure and price elasticity that also impact the economic growth of the village. Other areas that affect the village’s economy includeRead MoreMall Culture5156 Words   |  21 Pagesshopping mall is also used predominantly in North America.[2] Outside of North America, shopping precinct and shopping arcade are also used. In North America, Gulf countries, and India, the term shopping mall is usually applied to enclosed retail structures (and is generally abbreviated to simply mall), while shopping center usually refers to open-air retail complexes; both types of facilities usually have large parking lots, face majo r traffic arterials, and have few pedestrian connections to surroundingRead MoreThe French Immigration in the United States and Their Contribution to This Country.1859 Words   |  8 Pageslow wages, and to put their children to work, too, even if they violated the laws regarding sending children to school. Considering different factors, New England mill owners thought they were such desirable workers that they sent agents into the villages of Qu#233;bec to recruit them. For the French-Canadian, life revolved about the family circle. Next in importance came his church and then the parochial school where the French language and customs were kept alive. A major problem was that theRead MoreMumbai Mall Culture8581 Words   |  35 Pageshowever  shopping mall  is also used, predominantly in  North America[2]  and the  Philippines. Outside of North America,  shopping precinct  and  shopping arcade  are also used. In North America, the term  shopping mall  is u sually applied to enclosed retail structures (and is generally abbreviated to simply  mall), while  shopping center  usually refers to open-air retail complexes; both types of facilities usually have large parking lots, face major traffic arterials and have few pedestrian connections to surroundingRead MoreUrban Sprawl Essay3380 Words   |  14 Pagespattern of land use, transportation, and social and economic development† (Frumkin), and where â€Å"poorly planned development that spreads a city’s population over a wider and wider geographical area† (â€Å"Urban Sprawl†). Unlike the compact grid-like structure of large cities, the suburbs often associated with urban sprawl tend to have curved roads, increasing the surface area and the road mileage used up. Houses, which are usually for single-family use and detached from other houses, have larger yardsRead MoreBottom of the Pyramid Case Study on Jaipur Rugs9793 Words   |  40 PagesRugs: Connectin g Rural India to Global Markets Introduction The Jaipur Rugs case explores how a company can benefit the poor by connecting them with global markets. Jaipur Rugs makes this connection by building and orchestrating a global supply chain on a massive scale—one focused on developing human capability and skills at the grassroots level, providing steady incomes for rural men and women in the most depressed parts of India and connecting them with markets of the rich, such as the United StatesRead MoreImpact of Promotional Activities at Mall and Consumer Behaviour9163 Words   |  37 Pageswith interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit. The population is moving towards the middle class or upper middle class this is resulting in the higher disposable income. A shopping center enclosed within a large structure; often two or three stories high, often designed around a central atrium; may have numerous stores, as well as entertainment facilities such as movie theaters, fast-food outlets, restaurants, and public areas. A shopping mall, shopping centre, shoppingRead MoreShopping Mall (Research Project)10466 Words   |  42 PagesON MARKET RESEARCH ON SHOPPING MALL IN NCR A report submitted to U.P. Technical University for the partial Fulfilment of MBA Degree 2009-11 Submitted To:|Submitted By:| || Greater Noida Institute of Technology (MBA Institute), Code: 272 7, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida (U.P) 2009-11 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Research Project Report entitled Marketing Research on Shopping Mall in NCR being submitted by†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦fulfillment of the requirement of U.P.TechnicalRead MoreFamily Tree19118 Words   |  77 Pagesnecessary culture to move into a modern stage. Culture was viewed as the â€Å"bottleneck† that prevented the adoption of modern attitudes and behavior. McClelland (1961) and Hagen (1962), for example, understood that personalities determined social structure. Traditional personalities, characterized by authoritarianism, low self-esteem, and resistance to innovation, were diametrically different from modern personalities and, consequently, anti-development. These studies best illustrated one of modernization’sRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesincrease in human reliance on fossil fuel energy sources over the course of the long twentieth century has degraded the land, water, and air of the planetary environment. From multinational corporations to impoverished peasants burning away the rain forest for land to plant their crops or pasture their cattle, he seeks to identify the specific agents responsible for both pollution and ecological degradation. And he tracks underlying trends and factors—such as rapid population growth, rampant consumerism

Crisis Management Planning - 579 Words

Sport is believed to be a unique â€Å"product†, since the majority of its images and messages get conveyed via the coverage by the media rather than through sales advertising. While this coverage is typically positive, the interest of the media gets more difficult as high profile scandals take place, which can be rather damaging. Therefore, a relevant public relations crisis response plan needs to be developed. A brief overview of the current writings on the issue exposes the need of crisis management planning to be â€Å"quick, be consistent, and be open† (Coombs, 2006, p. 172). First of all, a consistent message should be delivered by either one or more spokespersons, so that the information vacuum does not get filled with incorrect information. This step, done with maximum speed, will help to support believability (Coombs, 2006). Further, the emphasis should be on truthfulness as well as openness, especially in cases when an organization has erred. For example, Fearn-Banks (1996) argues that if some organization has erred, it had better revealed its mistakes immediately, apologize, and also make necessary amends. Fearn-Banks explains this by the fact that cover-ups will only lead to persistence of the crisis (Fearn-Banks, 1996, p. 65). This view is supported by a public relations expert Devon Blaine, who says that â€Å"openness with the press and honesty are the best practices†. It to apply this view to the situation of sports public relations crisis situation, in practice it mayShow MoreRelatedThe Johnson And Johnson Tylenol Crisis1331 Words   |  6 Pagesoverview about the â€Å"Johnson and Johnson Tylenol Crisis†. It gives an outline about the major communication activities (written and oral) conducted by our (Tylenol) crisis management team during our national response campaign for presenting the factual scenario of the crisis to the public and other several institutions. The study also gives brief information about the methodology used by our team for minimizing the negative feedbacks related to the crisis. The paper also describes about the roles performedRead MoreCrisis Management Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesCrises Management in Public Schools Review of Crisis in Public Schools throughout the United States Throughout the United States students in public schools have experienced many crises. Students have witnessed or experienced many different types of crisis which can include: violence, death, accidents, family issues, natural disasters and terrorism. Statistics from the National Center for Educational Statistics (2008) show that in the 2003-04 school year there were 19 homicides and 3 suicidesRead MoreThe Effects Of Tylenol Products On The Economy785 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Lewis (2006), crisis is â€Å"an interruption from previously normal state of functioning resulting in turmoil, instability, and a significant upheaval to a system† (p. 27). In other words, a crisis is a negative predictable or unpredictable event that affects the future trend of individuals, groups, organizations, and government. For instance, pharmaceutical company Johnson and Johnson had an unpredictable crisis in 1982 with its product Tylenol, which was laced with cyanide and led toRead M oreCommunication and Crisis Paper1604 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication and Crisis Paper University of Phoenix HCS/320 Lorena Mesina June 27, 2013 Dawn Sienkiewicz Communication and crisis paper: When working in a hospital, setting whether it’s an emergency room, or management office, there’s going to be a time when you are going to experience some kind of face to face crisis, according to (Coombs, 1999) simply stated no organization is immune to crisis. A crisis can raise inside or outside the organization and accordingRead MoreCrisis Management Response Plan Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesAn effective crisis management response plan outlines specific procedures for administrator, teachers, and students during evacuation emergencies. Administrators work with teachers, students, parents, law enforcement officers, business and community members, to develop an effective emergency and crises plan. The administrator provides leadership in developing and monitoring the school safety plan and also establishes procedures for emergency evacuation and crisis management at different stages ofRead MoreCommunication Plan for an Overall Crisis1829 Words   |  7 PagesO rganisation profile: This report consists of a communication plan for an overall crisis/disaster management. The report will mainly include Bonds, Pacific Brand’s communication plan upon the event of a crisis/disaster. Industries Ltd is a popular Australian manufacturer of women, men and children clothing. Bonds was established by Mr George Allan Bond in the year 1915 (Bonds, 2014). It has been ninety six years since their fist company was set up in Sydney. Bonds launched a Bonds Baby Search CompetitionRead MoreA New Counselor For Drug And Alcohol Counselling Center1128 Words   |  5 Pagescan use the available resources to help them recover. In a nutshell, the treatment serves bests as a basis for shared understanding between the service providers such as the counselors and the patients. There are several approaches to treatment planning, but most of them possess basic similarities. First and foremost, the severity of substance abuse-related problems and criminality must be determined as the basic procedure for appropriate placement in a treatment program (Maruish, 2002, p 128).Read MoreBP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 905 Words   |  4 PagesGulf of Mexico oil spill, we examine the effects of an organization not being prepared for this particular crisis. The world scrutinized the actions, inactions, and the human decisions made by BP that led to a major catastrophic crisis. The organization was not prepared for a crisis of this magnitude. Our text stated that this type of negligence has been coined the term sloppy management. They were oblivious to the issues pertaining to the deep waters, the ocean wildlife and the habitats of thoseRead MoreToyota Motor Company : The World s Leading Auto Manufacturers Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesbasic assumptions or its core a ctivities is defined as crisis and it can strike any organization. Usually a crisis is characterized by cause, effect, and means of resolution and how quick the organization responds. The process of planning and implementing the response to negative events that have the potential to affect the organization is described as crisis management (Parnell, 2014). The extent to which Toyota is responsible for the crisis include its disregard of quality and safety measures ,Read MoreCrisis Communication Contingency Pl Big Blue University1103 Words   |  5 PagesCrisis Communication Contingency Plan BIG BLUE U N I V E R S I T Y OFFICE OF COMMUNICATION Introduction The president of Big Blue University (BBU) designated the Office of Communication with responsibility for all information during a crisis and selected Mark Hughes, the Director of Communications, as the official spokesperson for BBU. Currently, BBU faces an active shooter scenario; however, before addressing this situation, the following represent existing risk management and mitigation pre-event

Burnout Issues Among Nursing Staff Working in Kims Hospital

Question: Discuss about theBurnout Issues Among Nursing Staff Working in Kims Hospital. Answer: Introduction Stress is considered as a relationship between a person and his or her environment which is considered as exceeding ones resources resulting into endangering of the well-being of the person. Stress can cause health issues in humans. Work can be one of the reasons of stress in humans. Nurses working hospitals face stress as their jobs are filled with stress such as long working hours, human suffering, physical labour, and problems of interpersonal relationships. Among the nurses, the stress was recognized as a problem for the first time in 1960 when four sources causing anxiety in nurses were identified by Menzies that included patient care, change, responsibility, and decision making. By 1980s, additional causes were determined with the increased use of technology in hospitals which changed the work environment(IDDRISU, 2013). The term burnout in people was coined by Freudenberger in 1974 which as described as reactions of workers to the chronic stress situations in their occupations. Burnout situation is conceptualized as a condition in which a person is disturbed by exhaustion, reduction in accomplishment and depersonalization. Stress at work is often caused in a person because of the combined responsibilities of handling work and family which affects the person both at work and in family situations. Females make the majority of nursing staff and as they have higher responsibilities towards family, they face such kind of stresses predominantly. These stresses can lead to neuroendocrine responses that cause physiologic reactions that could further cause illnesses in nurses. This causes dissatisfaction in nurses which results into employee attrition. KIMS hospital is also facing a staff shortage among nurses because of burnout situations and it needs to work on improvement of the working environment such t hat nurses retention can be improved(Jennings., 2006). Issues KIMS hospital is facing dissatisfaction with job among nurses because of burnout situations and it needs to reduce the stresses of nurses to overcome the challenges caused by these burnouts in nurses. Factors that may be causing these issues include: Work Environment: The hospital has long working hours that puts stress on the nurses. There are only few nursing students who are selected to work in the hospital after they have completed their studies which results into lack of nurses. With only a few nurses managing work at the KIMS hospital, the work load of individual nurses is significant. In such a n environment, several nurses are unable to cope up with the work pressures and leave the hospitals while others face the situation of burnout. Demographics: Several nurses working in the hospital are either married or have marriage with kids. In the face of long working hours and work demands, these nurses are unable to balance their work with the personal family life. Other nurses who do not have these responsibilities are young graduates who are not sufficiently trained and thus, find it difficult to manage the responsibilities of the job efficiently. Recruitment and retention: Hospital reputation affects the recruitment and as the attrition rate of the hospital is high, the reputation as an employee would not be too favorable which would make it even more difficult for the hospital to attract as well as retain the nursing staff(Holdren Coustasse, 2015). Exposure to ill patients: Nurses have to deal with the patients who are ill and thus, they have to face continuous exposure to the illnesses. As they are involved in patient care, they tend to get emotionally attached to these patients which can cause emotional pressure especially in the cases of loss of lives. This can cause an emotional pressure that they do not get time to release as the new cases keep coming. This can cause burnout in nurses(Ericksen, 2015). Possible Solutions Figure 1: Job demands-Resources model The job-demands and resource model identify certain demands of a job that can affect the level of pressures that result from workload, working conflicts, job uncertainty and time management issues. These demands can be social, physical or psychological. These job stresses are reduced if working people are provided with sufficient resources. These resources can include supportive management, good leadership, good relationships, positive environment, sufficient training, employee orientation, and recognition. If the job demands are higher than the job resources, it would lead to burn out of the worker. A balance has to be created between the resources and demands in a job to reduce the pressure on workers. Thus, in order to reduce the burnout in nurses, resources may be increased beyond the work demands(Bakker Demerouti, 2011). This can be done using following methods: Hiring more staff: If more nurses are hired, the workload would be divided between them. With more staff, the nurses would get more support and less of over time working hours. Thus, the burnout in nurses would be less(Narban, Narban, Singh, 2016). Administrative Support: If the support from the administrative staff is strong then it would keep the patients satisfied. It would also keep good relations between the nursing staff and doctors. This would create a supportive environment for the nurses and thus, would reduce the burnout in nurses(Vahey, Aiken, Sloane, Clarke, Vargas, 2010). Maslach theory of burnout suggests that burnouts are caused when there is a mismatch between the job demands and the capacity of the person who would be doing the work. The job demands have to be synchronized with the person doing the job which is possible when the person doing the job is made capable to handle the job with ease and efficiency(Maslach, Schaufeli, Leiter, 2001). This can be done in following ways: Providing Staff training: If the nurses are provided with the training on how to handle the work pressures then they would be more equipped to manage the work and yet not get burn out. This would need support from the senior staff and the human resource managers who would make arrangements for the training of nurses on aspects of work load management and stress management in addition to the regular training given for the understanding of the work(Alsaqri, 2014). Hire experienced nurses: If the hospital would hire nurses who already have experience of working in other hospitals instead of freshers, the workers would have the previous knowledge and experience of working in stressful situations and thus, they would be better equipped to handle the pressures of the job and do not get the burnouts due to work load pressures(Flemming, 2016). As per the Maslach theory, there are six factors that can cause mismatch between the work demands and the worker. If these factors are taken care of, then a balance can be created between the resources and the demands. These factors include lack of control over work situation, values, fairness, workload, community, and reward. With these considerations, following solutions can be used: Rewards and Recognition to nurses: As the nurses are not actively involved in taking decisions and thus, they tend to feel less important in the hospital. Over a long time of working in such a condition where they lack control over their work, burnouts can be caused as they would feel like trapped. In such a situation, providing rewards and recognition to nurses for their contribution would give them motivation and boost their morale(Lee, Scheunemann, Hall, Payne, 2012). Community Establishment: If communities of nurses or the hospital staff is established such that all the members are actively involved, strong relationships would be built in the staff which would keep the workers including nurses motivated as they would get support from team and there would be fewer conflicts between them(Maria, 2012). Probables Considering the case of KIMS hospital, the two most probable methods that would reduce the burnout rates in nurses could be: Administrative Support: Administrative support would not need any additional resources to be hired but restructuring of the systems especially the administrative such that additional support can be sought from the administrative staff. Staff training: Nursing staff can be trained on how to handle the work stress by the senior and experienced staff so that nurses can be better equipped for handling Selection Administrative support would need realignment of processes and probably some investment in providing support solutions through the implementation of technology for administrative support. Administrative support can be improved by hiring new staff to provide support to the nurses and use of real time data management and analytics technology which can help nurses with the real time patient data recording as well as reduce the need of making manual entries every time. An alternative solution is provision of training on stress management to the nurses. This approach can be useful to some extent as it would help nurses deal with the stress better but it would not reduce their actual stress. Moreover, the solution would only be temporary and limited in the impact. However, provision of administrative support would provide a larger and long term benefit(OECD, 2012). Feasibility Study Administrative support would reduce the burnout among staff as it would help nurses carry out their work with lesser difficulties, with speed and with efficiency. A feasibility study can be conducted on this solution by exploring a few questions like: How would increase in the administrative reduce the burn out among nursing staff in the KIMS hospital? Will it release the stress of the nurses? (Objective of the solution is to reduce the stress in nurses as it would reduce the probability of burnout in nurses and hence, this question would be useful) Will administrative support create a positive working environment in the hospital? (A positive environment would be less stressful for the nurses and thus, if the answer to this question is yes then the method would be useful for reducing stress in nurses.) Will nurses have access to more resources with the use of administrative support? (If more resources are made available to nurses then it create a better balance between demands from nurses and resources available to nurses) Will it make it easy for the nurses to manage their work in the hospital with administrative support? (If the work of nurses becomes easy then it would be less stressful for the nurses in working) (Carter, 2016). Will it incur significant cost to the hospital? (For the management to approve the improvement in the administrative support, it is essential that the costs incurred in the implementation of the new technology for administrative support is justified for the hospital business) Will the cost of acquisition and implementation of the administrative support system would be high? (If the cost of acquisition and implementation of the new technology is too high then the management may not approve the project) Will the company gain more profits than the costs incurred in the system development? (If the company gets more profits than the costs incurred in the acquisition and implementation of the software then it would justify the cost and the project would get the approval of the management) Will the company be able to breakeven within first year of the implementation? (If the company is able to recover the costs of development within the first year of the implementation then the project would be feasible and thus, would have higher chances of approval and would also ensure profitability of the hospital business) (Daniel Oyetunde, 2013). Will it improve the relationship between the staff working for KIMS hospital? (Better relationships would make the work environment healthy and staff members would be helping each other which would make the work easy and enjoyable work nursing workers) Will it provide more opportunities to the staff to communicate? (With more opportunities to communicate, chances of building strong relationships would also increase) Will assistance from the administrative staff to nurses would be helpful? (If the administrative staff would be useful and helpful to the nurses then it would make nurses more positive about relationships) Will it reduce the conflicts between the administrative staff and nursing staff? (reduced conflicts would ensure that good relationships are maintained in the staff) Will it improve the productivity of nursing staff in the hospital? (Improved productivity in nurses would reduce the chances of burnouts in them) Will the service delivery time for the nurses reduce with supportive technologies? (If the service delivery times are reduced then nurses would be able to serve more patients in less time) Will services of nurses improve with the use of administrative technologies? (Better services provided to the patients by nurse reflect better productivity) Will nurses be able to better track the patients information? (Better information tracking would help nurses work better and faster) (Hannah, Lomely, Ruddick, Bellamy, 2004) Will make the work easier for the nursing staff? (When the work is easier for nurses, the stress would be less in nurses which would reduce the probability of burnout situations in them) Will the information provided through supportive technology would make work of nurses easier? If work is easy then nurses would be less stressed) Will technology help nurses remember the medications and nursing requirements of patients? (With technology assisting nurses by reminding them of nursing requirements, nurses do not need to remember everything but rely on technology for that which would reduce the mental pressure on them) Will technology automate some of the nursing tasks? (With technology automating some of the nursing tasks, the work would become easier for the nursing staff) SWOT Analysis Strengths of the administrative improvement as the solution include: It would reduce the nurses burnouts It would bring the long term benefits for the hospital It would reduce the overload of nurses which would enhance satisfaction in them With improved working environment resulting from administrative improvements, the reputation of the hospital would also improve which would be helpful in recruitment(Rechel, Wright, Edwards, Dowdeswell, McKee, 2009) Weaknesses of the administrative improvement as the solution include: It is an expensive method as it would need new technologies to be implemented It would be time consuming as seeking support from administrative departments would demand cultural changes in the hospital Opportunities of the administrative improvement as the solution include: More of the activities that are not value adding or monotonous can be automated with the use f technologies which would make the work of the nurses easier With better technologies, the patients can be served better With automation, the nurses would get some extra time and thus, proper scheduling can be done for optimum resource utilization. Threats of the administrative improvement as the solution include: If the staff resists using new technologies, it would not deliver benefits but would cause loses to the administration Technologies used can fail which would result into dissatisfaction in patients(Singh Chauhan, 2016). Conclusions This report explored the case of KIMS hospital that was facing an increasing burnout situations in their nurses causing attritions to rise. The report identified the causes behind these burnouts and explored some solutions that could possibility reduce these burnout situations. Possible cause of these problems was found to be stressful work environment, overload of the work, and more exposure to illness and family pressures. The report studied two key theories including job-demands and resource model and Maslach theory to identify solutions and these included increase in hiring, administrative support, employee training, experienced hiring, community establishment, rewards and recognition for nurses. Among these solutions, two were selected including administrative support and employee training It was found that the administrative support would have more long term benefits and thus, was the selected improvement plan. It was further explored to understand if it was feasible for the ho spital to carry out. For this, the report explored the idea from different perspectives including cost, demand, stress relief, workload reduction and relationship management. A SWOT analysis was carried out which revealed that the use of administrative technologies can have cost implications and well as risk failure. However, it has certain long term benefits like reduced burnout and increased satisfaction in nurses. References Alsaqri, S. H. (2014). A Survey of Intention to Leave, Job Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Nurses Employed in the Hail Regions Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Melbourne Australia: RMIT University. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. (2011). The Job Demands-Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 309-312. Carter, L. (2016). Operational productivity and performance in English NHS acute hospitals:Unwarranted variations . NHS. Daniel, G. O., Oyetunde, M. O. (2013). Nursing informatics: A key to improving nursing practice in Nigeria. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 90-98. Ericksen, K. (2015). Nursing Burnout: Why it Happens What to Do About It. Rasmussen College. Flemming, J. (2016). What ifmy medical career starts here? Warwick Medical School. Hannah, K. L., Lomely, C. P., Ruddick, P., Bellamy, G. R. (2004). Hospital Administrative Staff vs. Nursing Staff Responses to the AHRQ Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. West Virginia: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Holdren, P., Coustasse, A. (2015). Burnout syndrome in hospital nurses. Marshall University. IDDRISU, S. (2013). The Contribution of Ghanas Development of Polytechnics to National Prosperity and Challenges to their Sustainability - Focusing on Staff Turnover. UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Jennings., B. M. (2006). Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. NCBI. Lee, C., Scheunemann, J., Hall, R., Payne, L. (2012). Low Staff Morale Burnout: Causes Solutions. University of Illinois. Maria, N. (2012). Examining the causes, coping strategies and prevention: Examining the causes, coping strategies and prevention. ARCADA. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P. (2001). JOB BURNOUT. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 397422. MK1, S., SK, J., S, S., AK., H. (2001). Administrative support for addressing staff nurses' ethical concerns regarding staffing. Journal of Nursing Administration, 103-104. Narban, J. S., Narban, B. P., Singh, J. (2016). A Conceptual Study on Occupational Stress (Job Stress/Work Stress) and its Impacts. IJARIIE, 47-56. OECD. (2012). PREVENTING UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT FROM BECOMING STRUCTURAL. OECD. Oy, F. (2016). Digital Health Technology Guide for Singapore and Southeast Asia. InterVentures. Rechel, B., Wright, S., Edwards, N., Dowdeswell, B., McKee, M. (2009). Investing in hospitals of the future. EuHPN. Singh, R., Chauhan, A. (2016). INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ROLE IN HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES . International Journal of Management (IJM), 108115. Vahey, D. C., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Clarke, S. P., Vargas, D. (2010). Nurse Burnout and Patient Satisfaction. National Institute of Health.